Active And Passive Voice | Extra Documents, Videos & Tests for Class 10 PDF Download

Active And Passive Voice

Voice

Voice is that form of the transitive verb that shows whether the subject of the sentence is the doer of the action or has the action done to it.

For example:

‘Mohan played football.’ – This sentence is said to be in the active voice. Here, Mohan is the subject and he is the doer of the action, i.e. ‘played football’.
The action of the subject is transferred to the object ‘football because Mohan has done something to the ‘football’. 

The passive voice of this sentence is: Football was played by Mohan.

Here the subject is ‘football’ which was ‘object’ in the active sentence. So here something is done to the subject ‘football’, i.e. it suffers the action done by something or someone.

Rules for the Change of Voice

• The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the verb in the passive voice. The preposition ‘by’ is put before it.
• The main verb of the active sentence changes into the past participle.
• The form of the verb to be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) is placed before the main verb according to the tense.
• The auxiliary verb is changed according to the new subject in number and person.

⇨ Rule 1: Identify the (S+V+O) Subject, Verb and object in the active sentence to convert to passive voice
Example: He drives car. (Subject – He, verb – Drives, object – Car)

⇨ Rule 2: Interchange the object and subject with each other, i.e. object of the active sentence become the subject of the passive sentence.
Example: Active voice: She knits sweater. (Subject – She, Verb – Knits, Object – Sweater)
Passive Voice: The sweater is knitted by her. (Object sweater is interchanged with the subject She).

⇨ Rule 3: In passive voice sometimes the subject is not used, i.e. the subject in passive voice can be omitted if the sentence without it gives enough meaning.

Example: Milk is sold in litres

⇨ Rule 4: Change the base verb in the active sentence into the past participle ie. third form verb in a passive sentence i.e. preceded by (By, With, to, etc). Base verbs are never used in passive voice sentences.
Example: 
1. Active voice: She prepares dinner.

Passive voice: The dinner is prepared by her.
2. Active voice: She knows him.

Passive voice: He is known to her.

3. Active voice: Juice fills the jar.

Passive voice: The jar is filled with juice.

⇨ Rule 5: While conversion of Active voice sentence to Passive voice sentence, the pronoun used in the sentence also changes in the following manner.

⇨ Rule 6: Use the suitable helping or auxiliary verb (is/am/are/was, etc.). The rules for using auxiliary verbs in passive voice sentences are different for each tense.
Example:
1. The letter is written by her
2. A book was not bought by her
3. Chocolates are being eaten by them.

Forms of Active And Passive Voice For All Tenses

⇨ Simple Present Tense 

⇨ Present Continuous Tense

⇨ Present Perfect Tense 

Note- [except certain exemptions, no passive Voice formation for the following tenses can be formed, Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Continuous Tense, Future Perfect Continuous Tense and Future Continuous Tense]

⇨ Simple Past Tense

⇨ Past Progressive/Continuous Tense

⇨ Past Perfect Tense

⇨ Simple Future Tense 

⇨ Future Perfect Tense