Civil Engineering (CE) Exam > Civil Engineering (CE) Notes > Design of Steel Structures > Beam Design & Plate Girders
Beam Design & Plate Girders
Beams
A beam is designed to resist the maximum bending moment and is checked for shear stress and deflection and also for web crippling and web buckling.
Design for Bending
Effective Length of Compression Flange
Check for Shear
- Max permissible, shear stress tvm = 0.45 fy
- For design purpose, the above condition is deemed to be satisfied if the average shear stress in an unstiffened member calculated on the cross-section of the web does not exceed the value Tva = 0.4 fy
Built‐up Beams
- Symmetrical built-up beams
each cover plate
where z1 = Section modulus of rolled I section available.
d = depth of the beam - Unsymmetrical built-up beams
The area of cover plates
Gantry Girders
Where L = span of crane runway girder
Axial Compression + Bending
- Members subjected to axis! compression and bending are proportional to satisfy the Eq. (1)
However, if the ratio σac.cal/σac is less than 0.15, Eq (ii) may be used in lieu of Eq. (i)
Plate Girders
- Economic depth of the girder D = 1.1
Design of Web
- Average shear stress in the web
permissible average shear stress, tvα
Web stiffeners
and 85. No stiffener is required. 
and 200. Vertical stiffeners are provided.
and 250. Vertical
or 400.
Permissible Bending Stress
- The maximum tensile stress
is calculated on the net flange area i.e.,
permissible bending stress in tension, σbt
Curtailment of Flange Plates
- Length of the plate to be curtailed
Where, I = span, n = no. of plates to be curtailed counting 1, 2, 3,.... from outer plate. Awe = effective web area
Web Stiffeners
- Bending moments on stiffener due to eccentricity of vertical loading with respect to vertical axis of the web.
- Lateral loading on stiffener
c = actual distance between vertical stiffeners - For second horizontal stiiener at the neutral axis.
I ≥ d2 x t3 - Stiffeners are connected to web to withstand a shearing force not less than
kN/m, where h = outstand of stiffener in mm.
Load Bearing Stiffeners
- Bearing Stiffeners are provided at the points of concentrated loads and at supports.
- Where these stiffeners are to provide restraints against torsion of the plate girder at the ends,
The document Beam Design & Plate Girders is a part of the Civil Engineering (CE) Course Design of Steel Structures.
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FAQs on Beam Design & Plate Girders
| 1. What is the difference between beams and plate girders? |  |
Ans. Beams are horizontal structural members that support loads by resisting bending, while plate girders are made up of steel plates that are welded together to form a larger, stronger beam.
| 2. How are beams and plate girders designed in civil engineering? | |
Ans. Beams and plate girders are designed in civil engineering using structural analysis and design principles to ensure they can safely support the expected loads and resist bending and deflection.
| 3. What are some advantages of using plate girders in construction? | |
Ans. Plate girders offer several advantages in construction, including their high strength-to-weight ratio, versatility in design, and ability to span long distances without requiring intermediate supports.
| 4. How are plate girders fabricated and installed on construction sites? | |
Ans. Plate girders are fabricated by welding steel plates together to create the desired shape and size. They are then transported to the construction site and installed using cranes or other lifting equipment.
| 5. What are some common applications of beams and plate girders in civil engineering projects? | |
Ans. Beams and plate girders are commonly used in various civil engineering projects such as bridges, buildings, industrial structures, and offshore platforms, where their strength and load-bearing capabilities are crucial.
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Apr 19, 2026 Last updated
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