Class 4 Exam  >  Class 4 Notes  >  Science Olympiad Class 4  >  Chapter Notes: Time and Calendar

Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths

Clocks

Look at the following clocks.
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes MathsHere are some units for measuring time:
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths

Telling the Time

  1. To the Nearest 5 Minutes
    As you can see, there are 60 marks on the face of the clock, out of which 12 are numbered. The numerals show a duration of 5 minutes, that is, if the minute hand is at 1, it means 5 minutes past the hour; if at 2, it shows 10 minutes and so on.
    Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes MathsBetween the numerals, we have sub-divisions. Each sub-division stands for 1 minute. So, 60 divisions on the dial shows 60 minutes. The minute hand completes 1 round of the dial in 1 hour, i.e., 60 minutes.
    Now, read the following clocks:
    Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes MathsTime and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths
  2. To the Nearest Minute
    Whatever we have studied in Class 3, let us recall with the help of the examples given below.
    Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes MathsIn Clock A, the minute hand has moved 23 divisions and the hour hand is between 10 and 11, so the time is 10:23 or twenty-three minutes past ten.
    Similarly, the times for Clock B and Clock C are shown above.

Edurev Tips: 

  • When the minute hand is before 6, we read it as past.
  • When the minutehand is after 6, we read it as to...

Using A.M. and P.M. Time

The time shown on the clock given alongside is 8:25, but we are not able to determine whether it is 8:25 in the morning or evening.
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes MathsA day has 24 hours, so in a 12-hour clock (that we use) the hour hand goes around the clock two times and shows similar time twice a day.
To differentiate this, we use a.m. (ante meridian) to show time from after midnight to before noon and p.m. (post meridian) to show time from afternoon to midnight.
So, 8:25 in the morning is written as 8:25 a.m. and the same time at night is written as 8:25 p.m.
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths

Edurev Tips: A day begins at 12 midnight and ends at 12 midnight of the following day.

24-Hour Time Notation

We have already studied the 24-hour clock in Class 3. The 24-hour time notation is represented by a ‘24-hour clock’.
Here, the time from 12 midnight to 12 midnight (1 day) is given as 0000 hours to 2400 hours, where the first two digits refer to hours and the last two digits to minutes.
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes MathsThe table given below shows the 24-hour time equivalent to12-hour time:
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths
Thus,

  • 8:35 a.m. = 0835 hours;
  • 3:15 p.m. = 1515 hours;
  • 11:40 a.m. = 1140 hours;
  • 11:50 p.m. = 2350 hours.

Conversion of Time

Look at the following clocks and tell what time they show.
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths

Edurev Tips:
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths

Converting from Hours to Minutes and Minutes to Hours

  1. Hours to minutes: 1 h = 60 min
    Examples: 
    (a) 5 h = 5 × 60 min = 300 min
    (b) 2 h 45 min = 2 h + 45 min = 2 × 60 min + 45 min
                                                   = 120 min + 45 min
                                                   = 165 min
  2. Minutes to hours:
    Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths
    Examples:
    (a) 480 min = (480 ÷ 60) h = 8 h
    (b) 352 min = (352 ÷ 60) h
    = 5 h 52 min
    Or
    352 min = 300 min + 52 min
                 = (300 ÷ 60) h + 52 min
                 = 5 h + 52 min
                 = 5 h 52 min


Operations on Measures of Time

1. Addition

Example 1: Add 6 hours 45 minutes and 11 hours 39 minutes.

Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths
Thus, 6 hours 45 minutes + 11 hours 39 minutes = 18 hours 24 minutes.
Think:
45 min + 39 min = 84 min
= 60 min + 24 min
= 1 h + 24 min


2. Subtraction

Example 2: Raju completes a painting in 6 hours 26 minutes and Rohit completes it in 4 hours 45 minutes. How much more time does Raju take to complete the painting?

You have to subtract 4 hours 45 minutes from 6 hours 26 minutes to find the required time.
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths
Thus, Raju takes 1 hour 41 minutes more to complete the painting.
Think:
45 min cannot be subtracted from 26 min.
Borrow, 1 h = 60 min from 6 hours.
60 min + 26 min = 86 min
86 min – 45 min = 41 min
5 h – 4 h = 1 h


Elapsed Time

Using the 24-hour time notation and our knowledge of addition and subtraction of time, we can easily find the elapsed time.

Elapsed time is the time between the two given times.

We can also find the starting time, when the finishing time and the duration of activity is given or the finishing time, when the starting time and the duration of the activity is given.


Example 3: Mr Verma’s office starts at 10 a.m. and closes at 6 p.m. How many hours does the office remain open?

Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths
Thus, Mr Verma’s office remains open for 2 hours + 6 hours = 8 hours.


Example 4: A flight took off for Mumbai from New Delhi at 3:10 p.m. The plane landed in Mumbai at 4:55 p.m. What was the duration of the flight?

Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths
∴ Duration of the flight = 50 minutes + 55 minutes
                                    = 105 minutes = 60 minutes + 45 minutes
                                    = 1 hour + 45 minutes
∵ 1 hour = 60 min
Thus, the duration of the flight was 1 hour 45 minutes.


Example 5: How long is the time from
(a) 1542 hours to 2039 hours?
(b) 4:35 a.m. to 6:20 p.m.?

(a) The elapsed time is 2039 hours – 1542 hours.
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths
Thus, the elapsed time is 4 hours 57 minutes.
(b) To find the elapsed time between 4:35 a.m and 6:20 p.m., first convert the time into 24-hour time.
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths
Thus, the elapsed time is 13 hours 45 minutes.


Example 6: Find the time using a 24-hour clock.
(a) 4 hours 25 minutes after 2040 hours
(b) 8 hours 15 minutes before 2:35 p.m.

(a) Add 4 hours 25 minutes to 2040 hours to find the required time.
20 h 40 min + 4 h 25 min
= 24 h 65 min = 24 h + 1 h + 5 min
= 1:05 a.m. (It becomes next day.) 1 h 5 min after 12:00 midnight.
(b) 2:35 p.m. = 1435 hours = 14 h 35 min
∴ Required time = 14 h 35 min – 8 h 15 min
                          = 6 h 20 min
                          = 0620 hours or 6:20 a.m.


Calendar

A calendar is a record of the months, weeks and days in a year. Calendar for the year 2019 is shown below.
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes MathsIt is a record of 12 months of a year. One year has 365 days. It has 52 weeks. A day is the time that the earth takes to complete one rotation on its axis. 1 day is the standard unit of time. 1 year is equivalent to 365 days. 7 days make one week.
Starting from the first day of the week, the names of different days of the week are:
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes MathsThis cycle of days is repeated again and again.
The short forms for the days of the week are as follows: 
Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., Fri., Sat., Sun.
If today is a Monday, after 7 days it will again be Monday.
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths

Months and Days

There are 12 months in a year. They are — January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December.
The number of days in various months are as follows:
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths


April, June, September and November have 30 days. All the rest have 31, except February which has 28 days and 29 days in a leap year.

To find the number of days in a year:
(7 × 31) + (4 × 30) + (1 × 28) = _________.
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes MathsThere are 365 days in a year. Once in every four years has an extra day. A year with 366 days is called a leap year. Every fourth year is a leap year. The extra day is added to February, which then has 29 days. Here are some leap years: 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016.
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes MathsWhat leap year comes next after 2016? How did you find it?

1. A year is a leap year, if it is divisible by 4.
2. If a year ends in a hundred, it will not be a leap year, unless it is divisible by 400.

Thus, the year 2000 is a leap year, while 1900 is not.
To find the number of weeks in a year, divide 365 by 7, since each week has 7 days.
365 ÷ 7 = 52 weeks 1 day. There are 52 weeks and 1 day extra.
By studying the calendar, we learn that:
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes MathsWe call the years from 1900 to 1999 the twentieth century. The years from 2000 to 2099 is the twenty-first century.

Months and Years

We already know that 12 months = 1 year.
We can change 1 year 7 months to months, as follows.
1 year 7 months = 12 months + 7 months = 19 months
We can change 20 months to year and months, as follows.
20 months = 12 months + 8 months = 1 year 8 months
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths


Solved Examples

Example 7: If 10 April, 2018 was a Tuesday, what was the day on 30 April, 2018?

The same day is repeated after every 7 days. After 10 April, the next Tuesday fell on 17 April and then on 24 April.
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes MathsTherefore, counting ahead from 24 April, 30 April, 2018 was a Monday.


Example 8: Rahul is 4 years 8 months old. His sister Divya is 2 years 9 months elder to him. How old is she?

Divya’ s age = Rahul’s age + 2 years 9 months
                    = 4 years 8 months + 2 years 9 months
                    = 6 years 17 months
                    = 6 years + 12 months + 5 months
                    = 6 years + 1 year + 5 months (12 months = 1 year)
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths 
                    = 7 years 5 months.


Example 9: Piyush went for a project to London when he was 24 years 5 months old. Now he is 33 years 2 months old. How long has he been there?

Piyush stayed in London for: (33 years 2 months – 24 years 5 months)
Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths
Thus, Piyush stayed in London for 8 years 9 months.
5 months cannot be subtracted from 2 months. So, we borrow one year from 33 years. 1 year = 12 months; 12 + 2 = 14.
Subtract 5 months from 14 months and 24 years from remaining 32 years.


Number of Days between Two Given Dates

We can find the number of days between two given dates as under:
For example, to find the number of days between 20 July, 1947 and 2 October, 1947, we proceed as follows.
Leaving out 20 July, take 11 days for July, that is, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 of the month. Also leave out 2 October.

Note: Whether you should count the first or the last day or both depends on the particular situation or nature of question.

Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths


Edurev Tips: If you have to find the number of days from (not between) 20 July to 2 Oct., then the number of days are 12 + 31 + 30 + 2 = 75


Example 10: The football team reached England on 10 February, 2017 and stayed for 45 days. Find the date on which the team returned?

Number of days the team stayed in England in February
= 19 days (10th February is also counted.)
(Count from 10 to 28 11, 11, ..., 28)
Number of days the team stayed in England in March,
= 45 – 19 = 26 days
Thus, the team stayed till 26 March, 2017 and returned on 27 March 2017.


Example 11: Nishant started reading “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory” on 15 May. It took him 21 days to complete the book. On what day did he finish reading?

Number of days on which Nishant read the book in May = 31 – 14 = 17
(Here, 15 May is also counted.)
Number of days he read in June = 21 – 17 = 4.
Thus, Nishant finished reading the book on 4 June.

The document Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths is a part of the Class 4 Course Science Olympiad Class 4.
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FAQs on Time and Calendar Class 4 Notes Maths

1. How do I read a clock?
Ans. To read a clock, look at the hour hand and the minute hand. The hour hand indicates the hour and the minute hand indicates the minutes. For example, if the hour hand is pointing to 3 and the minute hand is pointing to 6, the time is 3:30.
2. What is the difference between A.M. and P.M. time?
Ans. A.M. stands for ante meridiem, which means "before noon" in Latin. P.M. stands for post meridiem, which means "after noon" in Latin. A.M. time is from midnight to noon, while P.M. time is from noon to midnight. For example, 10 A.M. is 10 in the morning, while 10 P.M. is 10 at night.
3. How do I convert between 12-hour and 24-hour time notation?
Ans. To convert from 12-hour to 24-hour time notation, simply add 12 to the hour if it is P.M. For example, 3 P.M. becomes 15:00 in 24-hour time. To convert from 24-hour to 12-hour time notation, subtract 12 from the hour if it is greater than 12. For example, 17:00 becomes 5 P.M. in 12-hour time.
4. What is elapsed time?
Ans. Elapsed time is the amount of time that has passed between two events or points in time. It is calculated by subtracting the starting time from the ending time. For example, if an event starts at 2:00 P.M. and ends at 5:30 P.M., the elapsed time is 3 hours and 30 minutes.
5. How do I calculate the operations on measures of time?
Ans. To calculate operations on measures of time, you can add or subtract the hours and minutes separately. For addition, add the hours together and then add the minutes together. For subtraction, subtract the hours and minutes separately. Remember to carry over or borrow if needed.
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