Basics: World Polity - Class 6 PDF Download

Origin

The UN was founded in 1945. The charter of the UN was signed by 51 Nations on 26th June, 1945. The name United Nations was suggested by President Roosenvelt (USA). The charter is like the constitution of the UN. It contains the aims and objectives of UN and also the rules and regulations.

Major Organs of the UN

• General  Assembly
• Security Council
• Economic and Social Council
• Trusteeship Council
• International Court of Justice
• Secretariat

Official Languages

• Arabic
• English
• French
• Chinese
• Russian
• Spanish

Aims & Objectives

• To maintain peace and security in the world.
• To develop friendly relations among nations.
• Work to remove poverty, disease and illiteracy in the world.
• To promote and encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms.
• To be a centre for helping nations to achieve these goals.
  (Presently there are 193 member states.)

UN specialized agencies UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

• Headquarters: Place de Fontenoy, Paris, France
• Established: 16th November, 1945

Functions

• Mobilizing education by providing every child, irrespective of its gender quality, education as a fundamental human right.
• Creation of World Heritage Sites to support cultural diversity and protect sites of outstanding universal value.

UNICEF

The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

• Headquarters: New York City
• Established: 11th December, 1946

Functions

• Child protection from violence, exploitation and abuse along with social inclusion for disabled.
• Basic education and gender equality through programmes like Girls Education. Innovation for education learning and the peace out-of-school initiative.
• Protects and advocates the rights of children.

ILO

International Labour Organization (ILO)

• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Established: 1919 [Head: Guy Ryder]

Functions

• Creation of international labour standards.
• Formulation of international policies.

World Bank (WB)

• Headquarters: Washington DC, USA
• Established: July 1944

Functions

• World Bank provides various technical services to the member countries.
• Bank grants loans for a particular project; duly submitted to the Bank by the member country.

IMF

The International Monetary Fund (IMF)

• Headquarters: Washington, D.C.
• Established: 27th December, 1945

Functions

• Fosters global monetary cooperation
• Secures financial stability
• Facilitates international trade

WHO

The World Health Organization (WHO)

• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Established: 7th April, 1948

Functions

• Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed.
• Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, dissemination of valuable knowledge.

FAO

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Headquarters: Rome, Italy

Established: 16th October, 1945 in Quebec City, Canada

Functions

• Helps eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition.
• Makes agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable.

IAEA

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

• Headquarters: Vienna, Austria
• Established: 29th July, 1957

Functions

• Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states.
• Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes.

UNDP

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

• Headquarters: New York City
• Established: 1965

Functions

• Poverty reduction
• Crisis prevention and recovery
• Environment and Energy

UNHCR

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Established: 14th December, 1950

Functions

• To lead and coordinate international action to protect refugees and resolve refugee problems worldwide.
• To protect and provide humanitarian assistance to whom it describes as other persons “of concern,” including internally displaced persons.

Other Organizations

Commonwealth

• Founded - 1949
• Members - It is an organization of 53 countries, almost all of which were once part of the British Empire. Queen Elizabeth is the Head of Commonwealth.
• Aim
  (i) To create an economic cooperation between member countries.
  (ii) To promote democracy, human rights and good governance in these nations.
• Headquarter -  London (England)

SAARC - South Asian Association for regional cooperation

• Founded - 1985 (December)
• Members - 8 Countries - India, Pakistan,  Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Maldives & Afghanistan.
• First Summit - Dhaka (Bangladesh)
• Aim - Regional cooperation through economic, social and cultural development.
• Headquarter - Kathmandu (Nepal)

NATO - North Atlantic treaty Organization

• Founded - 1949 (April) Present Secretary General is Jens Stoltenberg of Norway
  Members - 28
• Aim - To promote stability and well-being in North Atlantic area.
• Headquarter - Brussels (Belgium)

ASEAN - The Association of South east Asian Nations

• Founded - 1967
• Members - 10 countries
  Formed by Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia and Philippines.
• Aim - To foster social progress, economic growth and cultural development in the region Headquarter - Jakarta (Indonesia) NAM (NON-ALigNed MOveMeNt) Founded - 1961 Members - 120 countries Aim - To promote peace in between member countries.
• Headquarter - Jakarta (Indonesia)

NAM (NON - Aligned Movement)

• Founded - 1961
• Members - 120 countries
• Aim - To promote peace in between member countries.
• Headquarter - Jakarta (Indonesia)

List of Parliament of different countries