Indian Political History | GK Olympiad for Class 6 PDF Download

Indus Valley Civilization (3000-1500 BC)

• Harappa and Mohenjodaro cities were established in 2500 BC.
• Harappan civilization was declined in 2000 BC.
• Dravidians established themselves in South.

Vedic Period (1500-500 BQ

• Indo Aryans migrated from Europe and set-up Vedic Culture (1500 BC).
• Iron tools were used for first time during Iron Age (1100 BC).
• The Vedas were composed in 1000 BC.
• Upanishads were composed in 600 BC. Caste system was established. Hinduism started developing. Epics were written. 

Buddhism and Jainism

• Taxila University originated in 600 BC is one of the earliest universities. Famous teacher and economist Chanakya studied here.
• Prince Siddhartha Gautama was born in 563 BC.
• Bimbisara conquered Bihar in 543 BC and emperor of the Magadha Empire.
• Attains enlightenment and becomes Gautama Buddha. Established Buddhism (527 BC).
• Mahavira established Jainism in North India (500 BC).
• Nalanda University (500 BC): An undisputed seat of learning that flourished for 800 years.

Mauryan Rule (400-100 B.c)

• Battle of Alexander and Porus (327 BC): Alexander lost to Porus, a ruler of Eastern Punjab.
• Alexander invaded India (326 BC).
• Chandragupta Mauiya established Mauryan Empire (322BC).
• Ramayana (304 BC) composed Ashoka, the great, became ruler of Magadha, thus starting the Golden Age in India, (272/268 BC). Buddhism spreads.
• Battle of Kalinga fought between the state of Kalinga and Ashoka (261 BC).
• Mahabharata Composed(200 BC).
• Mauryan dynasty ended (180 BC).
• Bhagavad Gita composed (100BC).

Golden Period (50-560 AD)

• Pallava dynasty was established in Kanchi (300 AD).
• Sangam literature flourished in Tamil language.
• Gupta Dynasty was established (320 AD).
• Puranas were composed (350 AD).
• Bhakti movement started in Tamil Nadu (550 AD).
• Gupta empire declined (550 AD).
• Chalukyas rose in Central India (550 AD).

Medieval Period (1000-1500 AD)

• Al-Biruni travels to India from Persia (1017 AD)
• Mahmud of Ghazni invaded Somnath Temple (1024 AD)
• Genghis Khan (1162-1227 AD): Founder of the Mongol Empire
• Prithviraj Chauhan (1166-1192 AD): Ruled Sapadalaksha, in present-day north-western India
• First battle of Tarain fought between Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan (1191 AD)
• Prithviraj defeated in Second battle of Tarain (1192 AD)
• Qutub ud-Din Aibak (1206 AD): Became the first Sultan of Delhi
• Marco Polo (1288 AD): Visited India
• Khilj sultanate established in 1300 AD
• Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (1325 AD): Becames Sultan of Delhi after the Turks invade India
• Vijaynagar empire was established in Deccan (1336 AD)
• Other dynasties in South India were Cholas, Pandyas, Cheras, Hoysalas, Rashtrakutas and Chalukyas
• Lodi Dynasty (1451-1526 AD): Ruled Delhi Sultanate. Founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi
• Guru Nanak Dev (1469-1539 AD): Founder of Sikhism and First of the Ten Gurus

Mughal Era (1526-1800 AD)

• Mughal Dynasty Established (1526 AD): Babur, an Afghan Ruler established the Mughal Dynasty in India

• Ibrahim Lodi (Died 1526 AD): Last Lodi ruler. Ruled Delhi from 1517-1526. Was defeated by Babur in the First battle of Panipat in 1526.

• Babur annexed Mewar (1527 AD): Wrote Baburnama (1527AD)

• Humayun succeeded (1530 AD): Defeated by Sher Shah Suri (1540 AD)

• Second Battle of Panipat (1556 AD): Akbar defeated Hemu

• Akbar became king at age 13. (1556 AD): Defeated Rana Pratap at Haldighati (1576 AD)

• East India company was formed (1600 AD)

• Jahangir succeeded Akbar (1605 AD)

• Shah Jahan succeeded Jahangir (1628 AD)

• Shivaji was born (1630 AD)

• Red Fort, (1639 AD), Taj Mahal (1653 AD), Jama Masjid (1644-1656 AD) were built by Shah Jahan

• Shivaji defeated Aurangzeb and established Maratha Kingdom (1674 AD)

• Aurangzeb became ruler (1680 AD)

• Guru Gobind Singh established Khalsa (1699 AD)

• Bajirao I Peshwa became Maratha ruler (1719 AD)

• Bajirao I conquered Delhi (1737 AD)

• East India company annexes Bengal in Battle of Plassey (1757 AD)

• Third Battle of Panipat (1761 AD): Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas Marathas defeated in 3rd battle of Panipat (1761 AD).

• Battle of Bauxar (1764 AD): Fought between the combined forces of Shah Alam II (Mughal Emperor), Mirqasim, Nawab of Awadh and the British.

• Sikhs established Sikh rule in Punjab (1766 AD)

• First Mysore war between Haider Ali and East India company fought; Tipu Sultan died (1799 AD).

The British Rule and India's  Independence  (1800 - 1950 AD)

• East India Company signed Treaty of Amritsar with Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1807 AD)
• Prohibition of Sati (1829 AD), Lord Dalhousie became Governor General of India (1848 AD)
• Railway and postal services were introduced (1853 AD)
• First war of Indian Independence (1857 AD)
• Queen declared Empress of India (1877 AD)
• Indian National Congress formed (1885 AD)
• Lord Curzon became Viceroy of India (1899 AD)
• Partition of Bengal (1905 AD): Announced by Lord Curzon. Divided Hindu Western areas and Muslim Eastern areas.
• Muslim League formed (1906 AD)
• Capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi (1911 AD)
• Rowlatt Act (1919 AD): Enabled government to imprison people without trial.
• Khilafat Movement (1919 AD): Demonstration by the Indian Muslims to safeguard the power of the Ottoman Sultan.
• Jalliawallah Bagh Massacre took place (1919 AD)
• Non-cooperation Movement (1920 AD): Led by Mahatma Gandhi. Important phase of the Indian struggle for independence.
• Chauri-Chaura Incident (1922 AD): Large group set fire to a police station in reaction to the police opening fire on the peaceful protests.
• Simon Commission (1927 AD): Formed by the British Government to submit report on the working of Indian Constitution.
• Civil Disobedience Movement (1930 AD): Started with Dandi March
• Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931 AD): Signed in the Second Round Table Conference
• First Round Table Conference (1939 AD): Held in London to discuss constitutional reforms in India
• Quit India Movement (1942 AD)
• Indian National Army (1942 AD): Formed by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
• Cripps Mission formed (1942 AD)
• Partition of India and Independence from British Rule (1947 AD)
• Mahatma Gandhi assassinated (1948 AD)
• India was declared Republic on 26th January (1950 AD)