Individual Sports NCERT Solutions | Health and Physical Education for Class 9 PDF Download

Answer the following Questions

Q.1. Write down the history of badminton game.

Badminton is a game which is played by men, women (Singles/Doubles) and both men and women (Mixed Doubles) together.

• Badminton originated in the city of Pune, India. British army officers played it in India in the  s, and the first set of rules were formulated in Pune in  . At that time, the game was called Poona, developed from the children's game, battledore and shuttlecock.
• In 1873, the game 'Poona' was introduced by the Duke of Beaufort and played at his country place called Badminton. Being a popular game, 'Poona' got its new name Badminton after this day. However, the game became an international sport after the first All England Championship.
  • In 1934, the International Badminton Federation (IBF) was formed, and the rules of the game were standardized.  Badminton Association of India came into existence in, and various State Badminton Associations are affiliated to it.
  • In 1972, Badminton was a demonstration sport in the Olympic games and an exhibition sport in 1988. It became a medal sport in  , and individuals and doubles were played in the competition.

Q.2. Write any five rules of badminton game.

Five rules of badminton are as follow:

• The game begins with a toss and winner of the toss has the choice either to serve or to receive to serve or opt any side of the court to start the game.
• The server and receiver stand in diagonally opposite service courts and the shuttle must be hit below the waist.
• A person loses a point if the server misses the service or hits the shuttle twice on the racket or any body part of the player touches the net. The player also loses the rally, hence a point if the shuttle lands outside the prescribed boundary (white boundary), gets stuck on the net or touches wall/ceiling.
• Each player has to serve from alternate sides of the court and winner of each rally will get one point. The server begins from the right side of the court. The score at the beginning is  . If the server wins, he/she serves from the left side of the court, and the receiver is on the right side of the court.
• The shaft of the racket must be pointing in the downward direction with both feet in contact with the surface of the court and the feet should not cross theshort service line until service is delivered.

Q.3. Write down the dimensions of the badminton court.

The dimensions of the badminton court are:
Length: 13.4m.
Width: 6.1m.
Height of net: At the sides = 1.55m and at the centre = 1.52m. 

Q.4. How do games and sports help to improve health fitness?

The manual work which contributed to physical fitness has reduced due to the development of science and technology. The advantages of games and sports are manifold.

• They increase cardiac capacity and strengthen the heart and lungs and improve their functioning.
• They decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease.
• They burn calories, improves physical appearance and help in maintaining a good posture. 
• They increase flexibility, speed, coordination of the body.
• They keep a person energetic, helps to reduce anxiety, depression.
• They help in fast recovery of a patient.

Q.5. List down the Gymnastic events for men.

Gymnastic events for men are:

• Floor Exercise
• Pommel Horse
• Parallel Bars
• Vaulting tables
• Horizontal Bar
• Roman rings

Q.6. List down the Gymnastic events for women.

Gymnastic events for women are:

• Floor exercises
• Vaulting bars
• Uneven beams
• Balance beam

Q.7. Which motor abilities can be developed through Gymnastics?

• Gymnastics help in improvising the motor abilities. In the case of handstand, the whole body is supported by hands and increases our balance.
• In the balancing beam, balance and focus are needed as a gymnast stands on one leg, with another leg backward above the horizontal level keeping arms sideways and holds the position for 2 seconds.
• A gymnast moves with much ease. Cartwheel involves a full revolution of the body. It increases coordination between limbs. The exercises performed on the parallel bars improvises the strength especially of abdominal muscles.
• To cross the vaulting table, one should run fast, make a jump, and land swiftly. So, it improves speed and agility. In any gymnastic exercise, mental and physical coordination skills are a must.

Q.8. Write a short history of Judo.

• Judo is a martial art, involving combat, self-control, mental discipline, strength.
• Judo had its origin in the ancient Japanese art of Ju-jitsu(Gentle art), a system of hand-to-hand combat.
• It is a sport of Asian origin which was included in Tokyo Olympic Games in1964. The first school of Judo was started by Professor JigoroKano in 1882 at Eishoji (a Buddhist temple) in Tokyo, Japan.In 1964 Judo was declared as an official sport in the Olympics.

Q.9. Draw a diagram of Judo competition area with all specifications?

Q.10. What is Judogi?

Judogi is the traditional uniform of judo. It was the first modern martial art training suit invented by Professor Jigoro Kano. It is thicker and heavier than other martial arts training suits. In official competitions blue or white judogi is allowed. It consists of three pieces: jacket, a pair of pants, belt according to the rank.

Q.11. What is the name of the apex body which controls the Judo all over the world?

• The International Judo Federation (IJF) is the world governing body for Judo. It aims to protect the interests of Judo throughout the world.
• It promotes friendly relations between its members, organizes competitions throughout the world. It works to improvise and spread Judo in the world. It establishes rules for practicing Judo and rules of competitions organized by IJF. 

Q.12. List down the names of swimming strokes.

Different types of swimming strokes are:

• Front Stroke/ Free Style.
• Back Stroke.
• Breast Stroke.
• Butterfly Stroke.

Q.13. Explain the technique of any stroke of your choice.

• Breast stroke is one of the four swimming techniques used in competitive swimming.
• The breast stroke involves simultaneous horizontal movements of the arms in heart shape to propel the body forward by pushing the water.
• The kicking action is in circular motion similar to that of frog. During turn and finish, swimmer must touch the wall with both hands. Breast stroke involves lying on the chest, with the arms only breaking the surface of the water and legs always underwater, while the head is underwater for the second half of the stroke.
• Breathing is usually done in the beginning of the in-sweep phase of the arms, and the swimmer breathes through the mouth.

Q.14. How does swimming help to improve the physical fitness of an individual?

• Swimming builds fitness of heart.
• It helps in maintaining healthy heart and lungs.
• It can also help in improving flexibility and posture.
• It provides an all-over body workout.

Q.15. Which motor abilities improve swimming performance?

Kicking and strokes are the basic motor abilities that improve swimming performance.

Q.16. Write any five important rules of the Table Tennis game.

• A player/team who wins the toss shall have a choice of service or receiving or side of the table to begin.
• The server shall project the ball resting freely on the palm, toss the ball and strike the ball with the bat. The ball must first touchdown on the half of the table then it should pass over the net and land in the opponent’s half without touching the net.
• The ball, having been served or returned, shall be struck so that it passes over the net assembly and touches the opponent’s half of the table, either directly or after touching the net assembly.
• In singles, the server shall first make a service, the receiver shall then make a return. Thereafter, each server and receiver shall alternately make a return.
• In doubles, the server shall first make a service, the receiver shall then make a return. The partner of the server shall then make a return, and the partner of the receiver shall then make a return and thereafter each player in turn, in that sequence, shall make a return.

Q.17. How can playing Table Tennis help us in the improvement of our health?

• It tones and strengthens the core muscles, upper and lower body.
• It’s great for working up a sweat and increasing your heart rate, thus helping to keep your heart strong and healthy.
• It is also a great aerobic workout.
• When running about the table your heart rate increases and your body’s requirement for oxygen becomes much higher, therefore you breath heavier, faster and deeper, which increases lung capacity in addition to how efficiently your lungs use oxygen.

Q.18. Which fundamental skill did you enjoy the most in Table Tennis game and why?

Three type of spins were— top spin, back spin and side spin.

• A side spin is used in service. It is a combination of top spin and sidespin, or backspin and sidespin.
• Side spin can be very tricky for the opponent as the ball, when hit by a side spin move; can be very unpredictable.
• The rubber surface of the TT bat provides enough friction to cause a spin to the ball. It is difficult to master but once you learn it, tricking your opponents will be a piece of cake.

Q.19. Explain any one fundamental skill of Table Tennis.

Three types of spin were— top spin, back spin and side spin. 

Spin skill

• To hit a top spin the bat has to be angled in such a way so that the forehand – side faces downward 40 degrees (closed face).
• To hit a back spin, angle of the bat should be upward so that the forehand side faces the ceiling, facing upward 45 degrees (open face). Swing through the ball, but much speed should not be used as in topspin.
• A side spin is used in service. It is a combination of topspin and side spin, or back spin and side spin in the service. 

Q.20. Briefly describe the history of wrestling.

• Wrestling has various old traditions in various countries across the globe.
• Through cave drawings, we can see that the origins of wrestling are found to be 15,000 years ago. In Greco-Roman, a wrestler may not attack his opponent’s legs, nor use his own legs to trip, lift or execute other moves.
• In freestyle, both the arms and legs may be used to execute holds or to defend against attack. This style was introduced in 1904at St. Louis Olympic Games. After a century, women freestyle wrestling was introduced in the Athens Olympics in 2004.
• In addition to the above one more style of wrestling is played in India which is called the Indian style of wrestling or otherwise known as Pehlwani or Kushti. This kind of wrestling takes place in a clay or a mud pit. Traditional Indian wrestling isn't just a sport, it’s an ancient subculture where wrestlers live and train together.

Q.21. What is Par terre?

• Par terre is when the action of the match is on the mat, with one wrestler in the top position and the other in the bottom position. The top wrestler is allowed to lock his hands anywhere on the body in order to turn his opponent to his back. Turning an opponent to the back, the attacking wrestler earns two points.
• If the wrestler holds the opponent on his back for five seconds or more, this will earn him an extra point. If there are no points scored in the par terre position by either wrestler after about ten seconds, the official stops the action on the ground and restarts the bout in the neutral position.
• This is done to keep the action going and allow both wrestlers more opportunities to score.

Q.22. What is the duration of a wrestling bout?

• Bouts are held on a mat at least 9 metres (30 feet) in diameter for world championship or Olympic matches.
• There are three rounds of two minutes each. In case two rounds are in favour of any wrestler, she/he is declared the winner.
• Since 1989, the duration of a bout has been increased to five minutes, in a single round.

Q.23. What is the ordered position in wrestling?

• This position starts with one wrestler standing in the centre on the mat, and the other wrestler squatting and taking control of one of his/her opponent’s legs. The defensive wrestler (standing) is allowed to put his/her hands on his opponent’s back, but may not block or defend in another way before wrestling starts.
• These offensive and defensive positions are chosen at random. Once the offensive wrestler has taken a leg, this is when wrestling starts. If the offensive wrestler scores in this position, wrestling is stopped and this wrestler wins the period.
• If the attacking wrestler does not score in this position at the end of this 30-second-period, the defending wrestler will be awarded one point and wins that round of wrestling.

Q.24. Collect information about national and international Gymnasts with their photographs and write about them.

National Gymnasts

Aruna Reddy created history at the 2018 Gymnastics World Cup, by becoming the first Indian to win the medal in an individual event. She won the bronze medal in women’s individual vault event and that was the first time Indian National Anthem was ever played during the Gymnastics World Cup.

International Gymnasts
Simone Arianne Biles is an American artistic gymnast. Biles is a five-time World all-around champion (2013–2015, 2018–19), five-time World floor exercise champion (2013–2015, 2018–19), three-time World balance beam champion (2014–15, 2019), two-time World vault champion (2018–19), a six-time United States national all-around champion (2013–2016, 2018–19), and a member of the gold-medal-winning American teams at 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.

Q.25. If you are a swimmer write down about how you enjoy it. If not, ask any of your friends who has a swimming experience of pond, river or pool about his/her experience.

• I asked my friend, who goes to a nearby pool regularly for swimming; that why does he enjoy swimming so much. He replied that swimming helped in relieving work stress and it also made him feel calm and relaxed.
• He said that swimming helped him tone his body and now he feels more confident than before. He said that he loved the feeling of floating on water and feeling almost weightless.

Fill in the blanks

(i) Measurement of badminton court for singles is .....…….
(ii) Measurement of badminton court for doubles is ....…….
(iii) Height of the net from the floor is ………………….......
(iv) Rhythmic Gymnastics was included in Olympic games in …........... at…..…......
(v) Measurement of floor for floor exercises in gymnastics is ……….. metre.
(vi) Judo was included in Olympic Games in………….....
(vii) The Judo platform is of 18 m × …….............................
(viii) The meaning of Ritsu Rei ...........................................
(ix) The meaning of Za Rei ...............................................
(x) The meaning of Migi Kumikata ...................................
(xi) The meaning of Hidari Kumikata ................................
(xii) The meaning of Shintai ..............................................
(xiii) The meaning of Tsugiashi ..........................................
(xiv) The meaning of Ayumiashi .........................................
(xv) Standard swimming pool should be of ....……….m length and …..……m width.
(xvi) There are …….....….. lanes in standard swimming pool.
(xvii) Width of a swimming lane is ...............…….................
(xviii) Height of the starting platform of a swimming pool should be ......................
(xix) Temperature of water in a swimming pool should be ideally ........................
(xx) Measurement of a Table Tennis table is ……...............… length…............….breadth.
(xxi) Height of the Table Tennis table from floor is ....……..
(xxii) Height of the net from surface of the table in TT is …..
(xxiii) Length of the net TT is ……………….....…..
(xiv) Circumference of the TT ball is.....…and weight is…...…
(xxv) Measurement of wrestling mat is …….........…………..
(xxvi) The measurement of the mat area in wrestling is ...............in length and ..............in width. (xxvii) The diameter of the central circle in wrestling is …….
(xxviii) The diameter of the yellow circle in a wrestling area ...

(i) Measurement of badminton court for singles is 13.4 m in length and 5.18 m in width.
(ii) Measurement of badminton court for doubles is 13.4 m in length and 6.1 m in width.
(iii) Height of the net from the floor is 1.55 meters (5 ft 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 meters (5 ft) high in the centre.
(iv) Rhythmic Gymnastics was included in Olympic games in 1984 at Los Angeles Summer Olympics.
(v) Measurement of floor for floor exercises in gymnastics is 12  metre.
(vi) Judo was included in Olympic Games in 1964.
(vii) The Judo platform is of 18 m × 18m × 50 cm(height).
(viii) The meaning of Ritsu Rei is standing salutation.
(ix) The meaning of Za Rei is sitting salutation.
(x) The meaning of Migi Kumikata is right side grip.
(xi) The meaning of Hidari Kumikata is left side grip.
(xii) The meaning of Shintai is walking movements.
(xiii) The meaning of Tsugiashi is following foot movements.
(xiv) The meaning of Ayumiashi is advance foot movements.
(xv) Standard swimming pool should be of 50 m length and 25 m width.
(xvi) There are 8 lanes in standard swimming pool.
(xvii) Width of a swimming lane is 2.5m.
(xviii) Height of the starting platform of a swimming pool should be 50-75 cm above the water surface.
(xix) Temperature of water in a swimming pool should be ideally 24^oC.
(xx) Measurement of a Table Tennis table is 274 cm length 152.5 cm breadth.
(xxi) Height of the Table Tennis table from floor is 76 cm.
(xxii) Height of the net from surface of the table in TT is 15.25 cm.
(xxiii) Length of the net TT is 6ft.
(xiv) Circumference of the TT ball is 25.12 cm and weight is 2.7g.
(xxv) Measurement of wrestling mat is 12m × 12m and 5 to 7cm thick. 
(xxvi) The measurement of the mat area in wrestling is 12 m in length and 12 m in width.
(xxvii) The diameter of the central circle in wrestling is 1 m.
(xxviii) The diameter of the yellow circle in a wrestling area 8 m.

Tick ( ✓) mark either Yes / No

(i) Four players are required to start a game in Badminton. (Yes/No)
(ii) International Badminton Federation (IBF) was founded in 1934. (Yes/No)
(iii) Player can leave the court in Badminton at any time. (Yes/No)
(iv) Breadth of badminton net is 2’6”. (Yes/No)
(v) Height of the badminton net from floor is 5 feet. (Yes/No)
(vi) Uneven bar is a men’s event. (Yes/No)
(vii) Balancing beam is a women’s event. (Yes/No)
(viii) Pommel horse is a men’s event. (Yes/No)
(ix) Parallel bars is a men’s event. (Yes/No)
(x) International Gymnastic Federation was founded in the year 1881. (Yes/No)
(xi) The first school of Judo was started in 1882. (Yes/No)
(xii) Judo was included in the Olympic Games in 1968. (Yes/No)
(xiii) Professor Jigoro Kano started the first school of Judo. (Yes/No)
(xiv) Judo is a sport of European origin. (Yes/No)
(xv) Shizentai means posture. (Yes/No)
(xvi) Ukeme means breakfall. (Yes/No)
(xvii) Ushiro means back. (Yes/No)
(xviii) Mae means front. (Yes/No)
(xix) Kake means execution. (Yes/No)
(xx) Kuzushi means breaking the balance. (Yes/No)
(xxi) Can a swimmer change the lane after a start? (Yes/No)
(xxii) There are four strokes in swimming. (Yes/No)
(xxiii) A free style swimmer has to perform a similar type of movement. (Yes/No)
(xxiv) A back stroke swimmer is not allowed to take rollover turn. (Yes/No)
(xxv) Table Tennis game was invented in 1979. (Yes/No)
(xxvi) Player in Table Tennis can be substituted at any time. (Yes/No)
(xxvii) Player in Table Tenis can leave the game at any time. (Yes/No)
(xxviii) Every player in Table Tenis has to change ends after each game. (Yes/No)
(xxix) Wrestling is an outdoor sport, which is played on the ground. (Yes/No)
(xxx) The wrestlers come to shake hands in the centre of the mat in red and blue colour. (Yes/No)
(xxxi) The women free style wresting was introduced in 2004 (Yes/No)
(xxxii) Every bout contains 3 round of 2 minute each. (Yes/No)

(i) No
(ii) Yes
(iii) No
(iv) Yes
(v) Yes
(vi) No
(vii) Yes
(viii) Yes
(ix) Yes
(x) Yes
(xi) Yes
(xii) No
(xiii) Yes
(xiv) No
(xv) Yes
(xvi) Yes
(xvii) Yes
(xviii) Yes
(xix) Yes
(xx) Yes
(xxi) No
(xxii) Yes
(xxiii) No
(xxiv) Yes
(xxv) No
(xxvi) Yes
(xxvii) No
(xxviii) Yes
(xxix) No
(xxx) Yes
(xxxi) Yes
(xxxii) Yes