The Verb Special Finite Verbs | English Grammar Class 7 PDF Download

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

Some Verbs have an object. The object of a verb is the person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb. 

Look at this sentence:

• Mayank eats an apple for breakfast.
• The Subject The verb is the The object is affected does the action. action word. by the action.

The subject of the verb is Mayank. He is the person who does the action: he eats. The object of the verb is an apple. An apple affected by the action of the verb. So in this sentence, the verb “eat” has an object “a banana”. Verbs that have objects are called transitive verbs.
Here are some sentences with transitive verbs. The verbs are in bold print and the objects are in colour.

• Sandeep likes apples.
• Ajit knows the answer to the question.

Some verbs do not have an object. A verb that does not have an object is called an intransitive verb. Here are some sentences with intransitive verbs.

• Lots of people cycle to work in China.
• The boys play in the garden after school.

Some verbs can be either transitive or intransitive. Sometimes the transitive meaning and the intransitive meaning are different.

When the verb in a sentence indicates the tense and changes according to the subject we call it a finite verb. For a sentence to be complete, it must have a finite verb. It has different forms. Out of these forms 24 forms are called special finite verbs. They are used to perform special functions.
So they are called special finites. The 24 finites are as below:

Special Finite Verbs:

The most striking difference between common finite verbs and special finite verbs is that these special 24 finite verbs can be used with the contracted form of not (n’t); as, isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t, haven’t, hasn’t, hadn’t, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t, shan’t, won’t, shouldn’t, wouldn’t, can’t, couldn’t, mayn’t, mightn’t, mustn’t, oughtn’t, needn’t, daren’t, usedn’t, ain’t

Functions of Special Finite Verbs

1. As a Principal.
Uses of verb to be (is/am/was/were/be, been, being):
Be a practical man.
Are they rich?
TO HAVE
1. With present/past/future perfect tenses:
I have finished my work.
He had not seen the Taj before.
2. With present/past/future perfect continuous tenses:
I have been writing for five hours
She has been reading since 2 o’clock
3. Have is also used as a full verb/main verb:
Possess or own something/a mental quality or physical feature.
I have a house in Delhi.
Vikrant has five cars.

TO DO:
Forms: Do, does, did, done, doing, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t
1. As a Principle Verb:
I do my duty.
2. To form the negative of main verb:
I do not play football.
MAY, MIGHT
‘May’ is the present modal form while “might” is its past modal.
1. To Indicate Permission. (seek or grant permission):
May I come in? (seek)
You may come in. (grant)

CAN COULD
‘Can’ is the modal form of present while ‘could’ is the past modal form. These verbs are used to express:
Indicate ability/capacity/skill:
Aman can run very fast.
I can lift this heavy stone.
SHALL, WILL
You shall have a holiday today.
I will do it at any cost.
SHOULD
We should help the poor.
WOULD
Would is the past tense of will. It is used.
Would you like to have a cup of tea?
MUST
Must have only one modal form. It is used to express.
A servant must obey his master.
OUGHT
Ought has only one modal form. It is always followed by “to”. It is used to express:
We ought to love our country.