Class 6 Exam > Class 6 Notes > विज्ञान Class 6 > Chapter Notes: विद्युत् तथा परिपथ
विद्युत् तथा परिपथ Chapter Notes | विज्ञान Class 6 PDF Download
विद्युत
किसी चालक में विद्युत आवेशों के बहाव से उत्पन्न ऊर्जा को विद्युत कहते है।
- विद्युत के प्रकार: स्थिर विद्युत आवेश के रूप में होता हैं और इसे अधिक मात्रा में उतपन्न नही कर सकते है। गतिशील विद्युत का उत्पादन बहुत अधिक मात्रा में किया जा सकता हैं।
विद्युत सेल
- घनात्मक: विद्युत सेल में धातु की टॉपी धनात्मक सिरा कहलाता है।
- ऋणात्मक: धातु की डिस्क ऋणात्मक सिरा कहलाता है।
- विद्युत-सेल में संचित रासायनिक पदार्थों से सेल विद्युत उत्पन्न करता है।
- तंतु: प्रकाश उत्सर्जित करने वाले पतले तार को बल्ब का तंतु कहते हैं।
विद्युत् – परिपथ
वह पथ जिसमे इलेक्ट्रॉन एक बिंदु से दूसरे बिंदु तक प्रवाहित हो सके, विद्युत परिपथ कहलाता है।
विद्युत परिपथ चार प्रकार के होते है:
- खुला परिपथ
- बंद परिपथ
- लघु परिपथ
- लीकेज परिपथ
विद्युत् -परिपथ विद्युत् -धारा की विद्युत् – सेल के (+) टर्मिनल से ( -) टर्मिनल की ओर होती हैं।
जब बल्ब टर्मिनलों को तार के द्वारा विद्युत् – सेल के टर्मिनलों से जोड़ा जाता है तो बल्ब के तंतु से होकर विद्युत् -धारा प्रवाहित होती है। यह बल्ब को दीप्तिमान करती है।
1. विद्युत् – स्विच: विद्युत् -बल्ब को ‘ ऑन ‘ अथवा ‘ ऑफ ‘ करने में विद्युत् – सेल की नोक से स्पर्श कराते अथवा हटाते है।
2. विद्युत् – चालक: जिन पदार्थों से होकर -धारा प्रवाहित हो सकती है , विद्युत् – चालक कहलाते हैं।
उदाहरण: चांदी, तांबा, एल्युमीनियम आदि ।
3. विद्युत् अचालक: वे पदार्थ जिनमें विद्युत धारा प्रवाहित नहीं होती है, अचालक पदार्थ कहलाते हैं तथा इनमें मुक्त इलेक्ट्राॅन नहीं (न के बराबर) होते है ।
उदाहरण: रबर, प्लास्टिक, कांच आदि ।
4. विद्युत् – रोधक: जिन पदार्थों से होकर -धारा प्रवाहित नही हो सकती , वे विद्युत् – रोधक कहलाते हैं।
उदाहरण: लकड़ी, रबर, कांच, कागज, वायु इत्यादि.
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