Types of inheritance Python

Inheritance is defined as the capability of one class to derive or inherit the properties from some other class and use it whenever needed. Inheritance provides the following properties: 

• It represents real-world relationships well. 
• It provides reusability of code. We don't have to write the same code again and again. Also, it allows us to add more features to a class without modifying it. 
• It is transitive in nature, which means that if class B inherits from another class A, then all the subclasses of B would automatically inherit from class A. 

Example:

Python3

# A Python program to demonstrate

# inheritance 

 

 

# Base class or Parent class

class Child:

 

    # Constructor

    def __init__(self, name):

        self.name = name

 

    # To get name

    def getName(self):

        return self.name

 

    # To check if this person is student

    def isStudent(self):

        return False

 

# Derived class or Child class

class Student(Child):

 

    # True is returned

    def isStudent(self):

        return True

 

  

# Driver code

# An Object of Child

std = Child("Ram")

print(std.getName(), std.isStudent())

 

# An Object of Student

std = Student("Shivam")

print(std.getName(), std.isStudent())

Output:

Ram False

Shivam True

Types of Inheritance in Python

Example:

Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# single inheritance

 

 

# Base class

class Parent:

     def func1(self):

          print("This function is in parent class.")

 

# Derived class

class Child(Parent):

     def func2(self):

          print("This function is in child class.")

 

# Driver's code

object = Child()

object.func1()

object.func2()

Output:

This function is in parent class.

This function is in child class.

Multiple Inheritance: When a class can be derived from more than one base class this type of inheritance is called multiple inheritance. In multiple inheritance, all the features of the base classes are inherited into the derived class.

Example:

Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# multiple inheritance

 

 

# Base class1

class Mother:

    mothername = ""

    def mother(self):

        print(self.mothername)

 

# Base class2

class Father:

    fathername = ""

    def father(self):

        print(self.fathername)

 

# Derived class

class Son(Mother, Father):

    def parents(self):

        print("Father :", self.fathername)

        print("Mother :", self.mothername)

 

# Driver's code

s1 = Son()

s1.fathername = "RAM"

s1.mothername = "SITA"

s1.parents()

Output:

Father : RAM

Mother : SITA

Multilevel Inheritance
In multilevel inheritance, features of the base class and the derived class are further inherited into the new derived class. This is similar to a relationship representing a child and grandfather.

Example:

Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# multilevel inheritance

 

# Base class

class Grandfather:

 

    def __init__(self, grandfathername):

        self.grandfathername = grandfathername

 

# Intermediate class

class Father(Grandfather):

    def __init__(self, fathername, grandfathername):

        self.fathername = fathername

 

        # invoking constructor of Grandfather class

        Grandfather.__init__(self, grandfathername)

 

# Derived class

class Son(Father):

    def __init__(self,sonname, fathername, grandfathername):

        self.sonname = sonname

 

        # invoking constructor of Father class

        Father.__init__(self, fathername, grandfathername)

 

    def print_name(self):

        print('Grandfather name :', self.grandfathername)

        print("Father name :", self.fathername)

        print("Son name :", self.sonname)

 

#  Driver code

s1 = Son('Prince', 'Rampal', 'Lal mani')

print(s1.grandfathername)

s1.print_name()

Output:

Lal mani

Grandfather name : Lal mani

Father name : Rampal

Son name : Prince

Hierarchical Inheritance: When more than one derived classes are created from a single base this type of inheritance is called hierarchical inheritance. In this program, we have a parent (base) class and two child (derived) classes.

Example:

Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# Hierarchical inheritance

 

 

# Base class

class Parent:

      def func1(self):

          print("This function is in parent class.")

 

# Derived class1

class Child1(Parent):

      def func2(self):

          print("This function is in child 1.")

 

# Derivied class2

class Child2(Parent):

      def func3(self):

          print("This function is in child 2.")

  

# Driver's code

object1 = Child1()

object2 = Child2()

object1.func1()

object1.func2()

object2.func1()

object2.func3()

Output:

This function is in parent class.

This function is in child 1.

This function is in parent class.

This function is in child 2.

Hybrid Inheritance: Inheritance consisting of multiple types of inheritance is called hybrid inheritance.
Example:

Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# hybrid inheritance

 

 

class School:

     def func1(self):

         print("This function is in school.")

  

class Student1(School):

     def func2(self):

         print("This function is in student 1. ")

  

class Student2(School):

     def func3(self):

         print("This function is in student 2.")

  

class Student3(Student1, School):

     def func4(self):

         print("This function is in student 3.")

  

# Driver's code

object = Student3()

object.func1()

object.func2()

Output:

This function is in school.

This function is in student 1.