By which one of the following Acts was the Governor General of Bengal designated as the Governor General of India? (2023) (a) The Regulating Act (b) The Pitt's India Act (c) The Charter Act of 1793 (d) The Charter Act of 1833
Solution:
Ans: (d) Charter Act of 1833
This Act was the final step towards centralisation in British India.
It made the Governor-General of Bengal as the Governor General of India and vested in him all civil and military powers. Thus, the act created, for the first time, Government of India having authority over the entire territorial area possessed by the British in India. Lord William Bentick was the first Governor-General of India.
Hence, option (d) is correct.
Question 2:
With reference to Indian History, Alexander Rea, A. H. Longhurst, Robert Sewell, James Burgess, and Walter Elliot were associated with. (2023) (a) archaeological excavations (b) establishment of the English Press in Colonial India (c) establishment of Churches in the Princely States (d) construction of railways in Colonial India
Solution:
Ans: (a)
Alexander Rea, a British archaeologist who worked in India, was known for unearthing a treasure of over 9,000 objects in Adichanallur in 1903-04.
A. H. Longhurst was an archaeologist associated with the excavation in Chandraketugarh, Bengal.
Robert Sewell: Robert Sewell (1845 - 1925) was a collector and magistrate in Madras Presidency in colonial India. Like many civil servants turned Indologists of those times, he was a scholar in history. Also in charge for the then archeology department.
James Burgess: James Burgess was the founder of The Indian Antiquary in 1872 and an important archaeologist of India in the 19th century.
Walter Elliot: He was a Scottish civil servant in India (based in Madras), archaeologist, numismatist and collector. He excavated at Amaravati in 1845. Some of his excavated pieces remain to this day in the collections of the Govt. Museum at Madras (Chennai).
Question 3:
Consider the following statements : Statement-I: 7th August is declared as the National Handloom Day. Statement-II: It was in 1905 that the Swadeshi Movement was launched on the same day. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (2023) (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I. (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I. (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect. (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.
Solution:
Ans: (a)
National Handloom Day is observed every year on 7th August with the objective of honouring the handloom weavers and creating awareness about the importance of handloom industry in the social development of the nation and to promote handloom industry. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
August 7 was designated to celebrate National Handloom Day to memorialize the 'Swadeshi' Movement. Therefore, there is a strong connection between National Handloom Day and the Swadeshi Movement. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Question 4:
In the Government of India Act 1919, the functions of Provincial Government were divided into "Reserved" and "Transferred" subjects. Which of the following were treated as "Reserved" subjects? (2022)
Administration of Justice
Local Self-Government
Land Revenue
Police
Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
Solution:
Ans: (c)
As per Government of India Act, 1919 the Subjects were divided into two lists: "reserved" which included subjects such as law and order, finance, land revenue, irrigation, etc., and "transferred" subjects such as education, health, local government, industry, agriculture, excise, etc.
Hence, option (c) is correct.
Question 5:
Consider the following freedom fighters:
Barindra Kumar Ghosh
Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee
Rash Behari Bose
Who of the above was/were actively associated with the Ghadar Party? (2022) (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 only
Solution:
Ans: (d)
Barindra Kumar Ghosh (Barindra Ghose) was a founding member of Jugantar, a Bengali revolutionary movement. He is not associated with Ghadar Party.
Jogesh Chandra became a member of the Anushilan Samiti. He was one of the founder members of Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) (in 1924). He is not associated with Ghadar Party.
Rash Behari Bose was an Indian revolutionary leader against the British Raj. He was one of the key organisers of the Ghadar Mutiny.
Hence, option (d) is correct.
Question 6:
With reference to the proposals of Cripps Mission, consider the following statements:
The Constituent Assembly would have members nominated by the Provincial Assemblies as well as the Princely States.
Any Province, which is not prepared to accept the new Constitution would have the right to sign a separate agreement with Britain regarding its future status.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (2022) (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution:
Ans: (b)
As per Cripps Mission, a Constituent Assembly would be formed to frame a new constitution for the country. This Assembly would have members elected by the provincial assemblies and also nominated by the princes. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
Also, the mission proposed that any province unwilling to join the Indian dominion could form a separate union and have a separate constitution. Hence statement 2 is correct.
Question 7:
With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements:
The Dutch established their factories/warehouses on the east coast on lands granted to them by Gajapati rulers.
Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate.
The English East India Company established a factory at Madras on a plot of land leased from a representative of the Vijayanagara empire.
Which of the statements given above are correct? (2022) (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution:
Ans: (b)
In orissa The Ganga dynasty was succeeded by another glorious dynasty known as the Suryavamsi Gajapatis. The last ruler Kakharua Deva was killed by Govinda Vidyadhara in 1541, who founded the Bhoi dynasty. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
Alfonso de Albuquerque had 23 warships and about 1000 soldiers. In January 1510 he attacked Goa. At that time the power of Goa was in the hands of the ruler of Bijapur, who was busy in suppressing the rebellion in his own state. Taking advantage of the opportunity, Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa. Hence statement 2 is correct.
In 1611 AD, the British established their first factory in South India at Machilipatnam, but soon the main center of activities shifted to Madras. Francis Day leased Madras in 1639 from Chandragiri, the representative of the Vijayanagara Empire. He built a fortified kothi there, which was named 'Fort St George'.
Hence statement 3 is correct.
Question 8: With reference to Indian history, which of the following statements is/are correct? 2021
The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of Hyderabad State.
The Mysore Kingdom emerged out of Vijaynagara Empire.
Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed out of the territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below. a) 1 and 2 b) 2 Only c) 2 and 3 d) 3 Only
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (a)
Carnatic State emerged Independent out of Hyderabad State due to the later Mughal polity- weakness → #1 is right.
Mysore Kingdom became independent from the Vijaynagar empire in the year 1612 → #2 is right
Rohilkhand's Afghan rulers existed during Mughal reign and they had offered their services / alliance to Ahmed Shah Durrani in 3rd Battle of Panipat. So, Rohilkhand was not carved from territories of Durrani. → #3 is wrong.
Question 9: Consider the following statements:
The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 recommended granting voting rights to all the women above the age 21.
The Government of India Act of 1935 gave women reserved seats in legislature.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 2021 a) 1 only b) 2 only c) both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (b)
Mont-Ford Reforms- Also known as Government of India Act, 1919- didn't gave voting rights to ''all'' women. Only limited franchise was given during this time, viz. voters qualification/criteria was the reason behind not giving universal adult suffrage
Government of India Act, 1935- reservation of seats - system of weightage to Women Members.
Question 10: With reference to 8th August, 1942 in Indian history, which one of the following statements is correct? [2021] a) The Quit India Resolution was adopted by the AICC. b) The Viceroy's Executive council was expanded to include more Indians. c) The Congress ministries resigned in seven provinces. d) Cripps proposed an Indian Union with full Dominion Status once the Second world War was over.
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (a)
Quit India Movement- launched on 8th August 1942 at Gowalia Tank Bombay
Question 11: Who among the following is associated with 'Songs from Prison', a translation of ancient Indian religious lyrics in English? [2021] a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak b) Jawaharlal Nehru c) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi d) Sarojini Naidu
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (c)
written during his imprisonment in Yeravada Jail, Poona. translated hymns from the Upanishada and poems by Indian saint poets into English and that collection was published as Songs from the prison
Not given in any reference books
Can be solved by elimination
Tilak in Jail wrote- Gita Rahsya, Arctic home of the Aryans
Sarojini Naidu wrote- the Bazars of Hyderabad
Question 12: Who among the following was associated as Secretary with Hindu Female School which later came to be known as Bethune Female School? [2021] a) Annie Besant b) Debendranath Tagore c) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar d) Sarojini Naidu
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (c)
Bethune School was established by JED Bethune
The first secretary of this School was Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
IC Vidyasagar is also known for promoting girl child education and also for Widow Remarriage movement.
Question 13: In the context of Colonial India, Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sehgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon are remembered as 2021 a) leaders of Swadeshi and Boycott Movement b) members of the Interim Government in 1946 c) members of the Drafting Committee in the Constituent Assembly d) officers of the Indian National Army
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (d)
officers of the Indian National Army
Indian National Army - Azad Hind Fauj, was formed in 1942 by Captain Mohan Singh with the help of the Japanese, but due to differences it was disbanded.
Again in July 1943, Netaji Subhash Chandrabose reorganised the Indian National Army along with Ras Behari Bose and Japanese help.
The INA campaign was headed towards Kohima under the leadership of Capt. Shahnawaz Khan, which resulted into defeat.
After the end of WW-2, the INA was had to surrender to the British Army and later on 3 officials were court-martialled by Lord Wavell at Red Fort
Red Fort Trials - were defended by a series of lawerys, including KN Katju, Tejbahadur Sapru, JL Nehru- resulting into INA agitation across the country
Question 14:
In the first quarter of seventeenth century, in which of the following was/were the factory/factories of the English East India Company located? [2021]
Broach
Chicacole
Trichinopoly
Select the correct answer using the codes given below a) 1 Only b) 1 and 2 c) 3 Only d) 2 and 3
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (a)
1st Quarter of 17th Century- refers to the period between 1601 to 1625. During this the East India Company had base in Surat, Bharuch (Broach), Ahmedabad etc. → #1 is right.
Trichonopolly - Trichy came under the British Influence in the later part of 17th Century. It was under the control of the Carnatic State , came to prominence in the second Carnatic war - 1749 to 1754- can be easily eliminated. → #2: wrong.
Chicacole- part of Northern Circars - known for textile centre. It was taken by British from the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1766, during the first Anglo Mysore war. → #3 is wrong.
Question 15: With reference to Madanapalle of Andhra Pradesh, which one of the following statements is correct? [2021] a) Pingali Venkayya designed the tricolour Indian National Flag here. b) Pattabhi Sitaramaiah led the Quit India Movement of Andhra region from here. c) Rabindranath Tagore translated the National Anthem from Bengali to English here. d) Madame Blavastsky and Colonel Olcott set up headquarters of Theosophical Society first here.
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (c)
Pingali Venkaya- hoisted the national presented and design the national flag in 1921 at Vijaywada to Gandhi, during the Non Cooperation Movement.
Pattabhi Sitarramaya was arrested with the entire committee and incarcerated for three years without outside contact in the fort in Ahmednagar, Can be eliminated, through the classes/ books
Madame Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott established the Theosophical Society of India at Adyar, near Madras- 1882.
Question 16: The Vital-Vidhvansak, the first-monthly journal to have the untouchable people as its target audience was published by [2020-I] (a) Gopal Baba Walangkar (b) Jyotiba Phule (c) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (d) Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (a)
Can be answered from elimination because BR Ambedkar & MK Gandhi worked in the 20th Century. And Jyotiba Phule wrote- Ghulam Giri (Book)
Hence only (a) option is left, which is correct.
Gopal Baba Walangkar- leader of the Mahar Movement in 19th century. He was an ex-serviceman and demanded more jobs in the army and other government services. He was a contemporary of Jyotiba Phule. Gopal Baba published Vital- Vidhvanasak
Question 17: Which of the following statements correctly explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution on India during the first half of the nineteenth century? [2020-I] (a) Indian handicrafts were ruined. (b) Machines were introduced in the Indian textile industry in large numbers. (c) Railway lines were laid in many parts of the country. (d) Heavy duties were imposed on the imports of British manufacturers.
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (a)
Machines were very few. They were introduced at the starting of the 20th Century CE '! (b) is wrong.
Railway lines were laid post-1850s- i.e. second half of the 19th Century CE '! (c) is wrong.
The British goods were given duty-free trade permits '! (d) is wrong.
Since Option (b), (c) & (d) - Incorrect, Therefore we are left with the answer "(a)".
Question 18: Wellesley established the Fort William College at Calcutta because [2020-I] (a) He was asked by the Board of Directors at London to do so (b) He wanted to revive interest in oriental learning in India (c) He wanted to provide William Carey and his associate's employment (d) He wanted to train British civilians for administrative purposes in India
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (d)
Lord Wellesley (1798-1805) wanted adequate training for the European civil servants. At Fort William College in Calcutta, the civil servants from all the presidencies took three years of training before getting their civil posting.
But the Court of Directors feared that such a training program might result in the loyalties of the civil servants shifting from London to Calcutta. So in 1802 Fort William College was closed.
Question 19: Indigo cultivation in India declined by the beginning of the 20th century because of [2020-I] (a) Peasant resistance to the oppressive conduct of planters (b) Its unprofitability in the world market because of new inventions (c) National leaders' opposition to the cultivation of indigo (d) Government control over the planters
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (a)
20th (twentieth) century means 1/1/1901 to 31/12/ 2000. We have to find out why Indigo cultivation declined by the beginning of 1901.
1917: Gan dhi-ji's Champar an Satyagraha. So, (c) is not fitting the timeline.
NCERT Our Past-III: Page 35-36: In March 1859 thousands of ryots in Bengal refused to grow indigo. As the rebellion spread, ryots refused to pay rents to the planters and attacked indigo factories armed with swords and spears, bows, and arrows......After the revolt, indigo production collapsed in Bengal. But the planters now shifted their operation to Bihar. With the discovery of synthetic dyes in the late nineteenth century their business was severely affected, but yet they managed to expand production. In other words, the invention of artificial dye did not affect them yet.
Question 20: Consider the following pairs: [2019-I] Movement: Organization Leader 1. All India Anti-Untouchability League: Mahatma Gandhi 2. All India Kisan Sabha: Swami Sahajan ad Saraswati 3. Self Respect Movement: E.V. Ramaswami Naicker Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (d)
While in jail, Gandhi set up the All India An untouchability League in September 19323 All India Kisan Congress/Sabha: This sabha was founded in Lucknow in April 1936 with Swami Sahjanand Saraswati as the president and N.G. Ranga as the general secretary. During the 1920s in South India, the non-brahmins organized the Self-Respect Movement led by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker.
So, (d): all three are correct.
Question 21: Consider the following statements about 'the Charter Act of 1813': [2019-I] 1. It ended the trade monopoly of the East In dia Company in India except for trade in tea and trade with China. 2. It asserted the sovereignty of the British Crown over the Indian territories held by the Company. 3. The revenues of India were now controlled by the British Parliament. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (a) • The Company's monopoly over trade in India ended, but the Company retained the trade with China and the trade-in tea. So #1 is right.
• The Company was to retain the possession of territories and the revenue for 20 years more, without prejudice to the sovereignty of the Crown. So, #2 is right but #3 is wrong. Hence answer (a): 1 and 2 only.
Question 22: With reference to land reforms in independent India, which one of the following statements is correct? [2019-I] (a)The ceiling laws were aimed at family holdings and not individual holdings. (b)The major aim of land reforms was providing agricultural land to all the landless. (c)It resulted in the cultivation of cash crops as a predominant form of cultivation. (d)Land reforms permitted no exemptions to the ceiling limits.
Solution:
Correct Answer is Option (b)
Bipan Chandra's India Since Independence, Ch.31 on Land Reforms (III)
In most states, initially, the ceilings were imposed on individual and not family holdings, enabling landowners to divide up their holdings 'notionally' in the names of relatives merely to avoid the ceiling. So, (a) is wrong.
A large number of exemptions to the ceiling limits were permitted by most states following the Second Plan recommendations that certain categories of land could be exempted from ceilings. These were tea, coffee, and rubber plantations, orchards, specialized farms, etc. So, (d) is wrong.
C is a 'hyperbole' wrong statement. Land reform is not responsible for cash crop cultivation becoming predominant in India. Besides, the majority of India's area under cultivation is foodgrains and cereals. (and not cash crops) as per Table3, page 101 of Economic Survey 2017-18.
FAQs on Modern History- Solved Questions (2019-2023)
1. What are some important events in modern history that have shaped the world we live in today?
Ans. Some important events in modern history that have shaped the world include the Industrial Revolution, World War I, World War II, the Cold War, the Civil Rights Movement, and the fall of the Berlin Wall.
2. How did the Industrial Revolution impact society and the economy during the modern history period?
Ans. The Industrial Revolution led to significant advancements in technology, the rise of factories and urbanization, changes in social classes, and the growth of capitalism, ultimately transforming economies and societies around the world.
3. What were the main causes and consequences of World War I and World War II in modern history?
Ans. The main causes of World War I included militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism, while the main causes of World War II included the Treaty of Versailles, the rise of totalitarian regimes, and economic instability. The consequences of both wars were devastating, resulting in millions of deaths and widespread destruction.
4. How did the Cold War impact global politics and international relations during the modern history period?
Ans. The Cold War was a period of tension and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, leading to the division of the world into two opposing blocs, the spread of nuclear weapons, and proxy wars in various regions such as Korea and Vietnam, significantly shaping global politics and international relations.
5. What role did the Civil Rights Movement play in advancing equality and justice during the modern history period?
Ans. The Civil Rights Movement in the United States was a significant social and political movement that aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans, leading to reforms such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and inspiring similar movements around the world.
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