Passage Based Questions: Logical Reasoning - 3

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions. 
According to the political scientist Francis Fukuyama, three features define populism. First populists embrace economic policies that feel good to voters in the short run but prove to be unsustainable in the long run. They rely heavily on personal charisma and a direct connection with the people. This makes them naturally suspicious of institutions, which they usually try to undermine.
And finally, when a populist refers to the people, he usually means a subset of the nation's population. Racial or religious minorities often find themselves excluded from this definition. To this you might add another characteristic shared by contemporary populists - a fraught relationship with their countries traditional metropolitan elites, including gatekeepers in the legacy media. It's no coincidence that Trump rails constantly against "fake news", or that much of the London media dismissed Boris as a conniving clown fundamentally unfit for high office.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has no trouble meeting these criteria. When it comes to economic policy he has relied heavily on welfare schemes to boost his popularity. In some parts of India, it is hard to locate a voter who has not benefited personally form one of Modi's schemes, or is not related to someone who has. Toilets, houses , cooking gas, light bulbs, bank accounts , small business loans, and health insurance constitute just a partial list of the Modi cornucopia of freebies and subsidies.
Does it feel good for voters? Evidently, going by Modi's thumping re-election earlier this year. Is it  sustainable? With economic growth slowing to a meagre 4.5%, the fiscal deficit ballooning, and so-called tax terrorism by rapacious taxmen driving businesses into their shell, it's hard to see how.
Nobody can deny that Modi exudes the kind of raw political charisma that defines the most successful populists. This imbues many of his followers with a cult like quality. They may have spent ten years spouting one set of views on privatisation or deficit-financed welfare spending or the need for simplicity in taxation. But as both an emotional and a practical matter their allegiance to Modi comes first. What he does is what they believe in.