In graphically, Madhya Pradesh state located at middle of India in plains between latitude 21°04’N-26.87°N and longitude 74°02′-82°49′ E, Madhya Pradesh state is exactly located in center of the India map so it known as the “Central Region” of India and also known as the “Heart of India” or ” Central India” . In area wise Madhya Pradesh is second largest state of India, with Rajasthan being the first, before making “Chhattisgarh” till year 2000, it was the largest state of India in area-wise. Madhya Pradesh is sixth largest state in population wise.
Madhya Pradesh lies in the middle of India with sharing its border six bordering state. Its south-east border touch “Chhattisgarh”, south-west border touches “Maharashtra”, western border touches “Gujarat”, north-west border touches “Rajasthan”, and north-east border touches “Uttar Pradesh”. Madhya Pradesh not shares their state border with any other coastal line or country. The total area of Madhya Pradesh state covers is 3,08,254 sq km separated with the 50 districts of the state. The state covered a wide area of the Indian knap region.
Madhya Pradesh consists largely of knap dotted with the hill range of the Vindhyas and the Satpuras. The hills give rise to the main river systems; the Narmada and the Tapti, running from east to west, and the Sone, Chambal, Mahanadi, Betwa and the Indravati west to east. And other many rivers flow in state. Thus, with the mountain ranges, rivers beside with the plains, Madhya Pradesh have various physical features.
The Madhya Pradesh state can be geographical separate out into various regions which based on the different cultures and languages of these area. For example, in north-west of the state Malwa region, the south-west portion of the state is Nimar (Namar) region, and the northern part of the state is well known as Bundelkhand region, and the northeast part of the state is Baghelkhand region. Mahakoshal (Mahakaushal) is the southeastern portion of the state and last the center Vindhya and Satpura region.
Area-wise, the state is divided into 10 broad divisions of Bhopal, Gwalior, Chambal, Hoshangabad, Indore, Rewa, Jabalpur, Sagar, Ujjain and Shahdol. However, in total, Madhya Pradesh comprises of 50 districts, which are Anuppur, Balaghat, Alirajpur, Ashoknagar, Betul, Barwani, Bhopal, Burhanpur, Bhind, Chhatarpur, Chhindwara, Damoh, Datia, Dindori, Dewas, Dhar, Gwalior, Guna, Harda, Hoshangabad, Indore, Jabalpur, Katni, Jhabua, Khargone, Mandla, Khandwa, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Morena, Narsinghpur, Raisen, Panna, Ratlam, Rewa, Rajgarh, Sagar, Seoni, Satna, Sehore, Shajapur, Shahdol, Shivpuri, Sidhi, Sheopur, Singrauli, Umaria, Tikamgarh, Vidisha and Ujjain.
Drainage System
Madhya Pradesh contains the source of some of the most important rivers in the Indian peninsula: the Narmada, the Tapti (Tapi), the Mahanadi, and the Wainganga (a tributary of the Godavari). The Chambal forms the state’s northern border with Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Other rivers include tributaries of the Yamuna and the Son (itself a tributary of the Ganges [Ganga]).
The principal river systems which traverse the enormously big area of this part of India are the:
Some of the other rivers flowing through the state of Madhya Pradesh are as follows:
The topography of Madhya Pradesh is defined by the Narmada Sone Valley. It is a narrow and long valley extending through almost the whole of the state from east to west. Sone valley forms the upper part; Shahdol and Sidhi districts lie in this valley. The lower part forms the Narmada valley. It has an average elevation of 300 m above MSL and is covered with alluvial soil. Jabalpur, Mandla, Narsinghpur, Hoshangabad, Raisen, Khandwa, Khargone and Barwani districts lie in this region.
The Sone valley is narrower than Narmada valley and alluvial deposit is also comparatively poor and thin, therefore Narmada valley is more important than Sone valley for agricultural activities. To the north of this valley lie the Central Highlands, to the south the Satpura-Maikal ranges and to the south-east, the eastern plateau. These three form the natural physiographic regions-into which the state is divided. The Central Highlands are spread between the Narmada-Sone valley and the Aravali ranges to the west in a triangular form. The highlands slope towards the north and drain into the Yamuna.
The central highlands region in the state includes the following uplands:
Rewa-Panna plateau
Bundelkhand plateau
Central India plateau
Malwa plateau
Satpura-Maikal ranges
Eastern plateau
Based on the climatic conditions and physical features, the topography of Madhya Pradesh includes the following agro-climatic zones:
The elevation of Madhya Pradesh ranges from 300 to 3,900 feet (90 to 1,200 metres). In the northern part of the state the land rises generally from south to north, while in the southern part it increases in elevation toward the west. Important ranges of hills are the Vindhya Range, in the west, and its northern branch, the Kaimur Hills, both of which reach elevations of 1,500 feet (460 metres), and the Satpura, Mahadeo, and Maikala ranges, in the south, which have elevations of more than 3,000 feet (900 metres).
The Dhupgarh Peak (4,429 feet [1,350 metres]), near Pachmarhi in south-central Madhya Pradesh, is the state’s highest point. Northwest of the Vindhya Range is the Malwa Plateau (1,650 to 2,000 feet [500 to 600 metres]). Other features include the Rewa Plateau, in the rugged eastern region of the Vindhya Range, the Bundelkhand Upland, north of the Vindhyas, the Madhya Bharat Plateau, in the extreme northwest, and the Baghelkhand Plateau, in the northeast.
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