Reading Comprehension Passage: 82 | 100 RC`s for Government Exams Preparation - Bank Exams PDF Download

Refer to
There is evidence that the oceans have suffered at the hands of mankind for millennia, as far back as Roman times. But recent studies show that degradation, particularly of shoreline areas, has accelerated dramatically in the past three centuries as industrial discharge and runoff from farms and coastal cities has increased.
Statement I and II can clearly inferred from the highlighted text.
Statement III is not mentioned anywhere in the passage and is is incorrect.
Hence option B is correct.

Refer to:
Pollution is not always physical. In large bodies of water, sound waves can carry undiminished for miles.
The highlighted text shows that sound waves can also cause pollution. So statement I is not true.
Refer to:
Solid wastes like bags, foam, and other items dumped into the oceans from land or by ships at sea are frequently consumed, with often fatal effects, by marine mammals, fish, and birds that mistake it for food.
This shows that such solid wastes are frequently consumed by marine animals. Thus, statement II is not true.
Refer to
earthquakes can disrupt the migration, communication, hunting, and reproduction patterns of many marine animals, particularly aquatic mammals.
This shows that statement III is true.
Hence, statements I and II are untrue.
Option D is correct.

Refer to:
Common man-made pollutants that reach the ocean include pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers, detergents, oil, sewage, plastics, and other solids.
This shows that only pesticides and plastics are the sources of pollution in ocean and organic fertilizers are not one of the reasons, it will not be considered as a solid waste.
Hence option D is correct.

Refer to
Nitrogen-rich fertilizers applied by farmers inland, for example, end up in local streams, rivers, and groundwater and are eventually deposited in estuaries, bays, and deltas. These excess nutrients can spawn massive blooms of algae that rob the water of oxygen, leaving areas where little or no marine life can exist.
As per the highlighted text, only option B is true.
Hence option B is correct.

Refer to
“The oceans are so vast and deep that until fairly recently, it was widely assumed that no matter how much trash and chemicals humans dumped into them, the effects would be negligible. Proponents of dumping in the oceans even had a catchphrase: "The solution to pollution is dilution."
This line was said by people who thought dumping waste in the oceans would have no negative impact on the environment. This is shown to be an incorrect way of thinking and is wrong.
Hence, I is not true.
Refer to
The increased presence of loud or persistent sounds from ships, sonar devices, oil rigs, and even from natural sources like earthquakes can disrupt the migration, communication, hunting, and reproduction patterns of many marine animals, particularly aquatic mammals like whales and dolphins.
Thus statement II is also true, as sound pollution is also a form of pollution.
Refer to
Solid wastes like bags, foam, and other items dumped into the oceans from land or by ships at sea are frequently consumed, with often fatal effects, by marine mammals, fish, and birds that mistake it for food.
This proves that such wastes adversaly affect marine animals.
Thus, Only statements II and III are true.
Option C is correct.