Practice Test: Reading Comprehension - 83 | 100 RCs for GMAT PDF Download

Diabetes can result from errors that occur when the ribosomes translate mRNA into protein.

Cancer can result from an excess of certain proteins and diabetes can result from an insulin deficiency.

A deficiency of red blood cells can occur if bone marrow cells produce too much hemoglobin.

Cancer can be caused by excessively rapid degradation of certain amino acids in the cytoplasm of cells.

Excessive synthesis of one protein can trigger increased degradation of mRNA’s for other proteins and create severe protein imbalances.

The effectiveness of simultaneous variation of the rates of synthesis and degradation of mRNA

The role of the ribosome in enabling a parent cell to develop properly into a more specialized form

The importance of activating the genes for particular proteins at the correct moment

The abnormal proliferation of a protein that threatens to make the cell cancerous

The kind of evidence that biologists relied on for support of a view of mRNA synthesis that is now considered obsolete

influence of mRNA concentrations on the development of red blood cells

role of the synthesis and degradation of mRNA in cell functioning

mechanism by which genes are transcribed into mRNA

differences in mRNA concentrations in cell nuclei and in the cytoplasm

way in which mRNA synthesis contributes to the onset of diabetes

Biologists have recently become convinced that the ribosome controls the rates of synthesis and degradation of mRNA.

There is no consensus among biologists as to the significance of mRNA degradation in regulating protein synthesis.

The concept of mRNA degradation is so new that most biologists still believe that the vital role in protein regulation belongs to mRNA synthesis.

Degradation of mRNA is now considered to be the key process and mRNA synthesis is no longer believed to play a significant role.

Degradation of mRNA is now considered to be as important as mRNA synthesis has been, and still is, believed to be.

The second paragraph presents arguments in support of a new theory and the third paragraph presents arguments against that same theory.

The second paragraph describes a traditional view and the third paragraph describes the view that has replaced it on the basis of recent investigations.

The third paragraph describes a specific case of a phenomenon that is described generally in the second paragraph.

The third paragraph describes an investigation that was undertaken to resolve problems raised by phenomena described in the second paragraph.

Both paragraphs describe in detail specific examples of the phenomenon that is introduced in the first paragraph.

The rate of mRNA degradation for one of the proteins increases as this type of cell develops a more specialized function.

The two proteins are most likely constituents of a complex substance supporting the cells’ specialized function.

The cells are likely to proliferate abnormally and possibly become cancerous due to the levels of these proteins.

The mRNA’s for both proteins are being degraded at a low rate in that type of cell.

The mRNA’s for the two proteins are being synthesized at identical rates in that type of cell.

The rate of degradation of specific mRNA’s has little effect on protein concentrations.

The rate of degradation of specific mRNA’s should be studied intensively.

The rates of synthesis and degradation for any given mRNA are normally equal.

Different mRNA’s undergo degradation at widely varying rates.

Most mRNA’s degrade very rapidly.

only the degradation rate for the mRNA of the protein involved

only the synthesis rate for the mRNA of the protein involved

both the synthesis and degradation rates for the mRNA of the protein involved

the incidence of errors in the transcription of mRNA’s from genetic nucleotide sequences

the rate of activity of ribosomes in the cytoplasm of most cells