Measurement of Mutual Inductance By Heaviside Bridge
Let M = unknown mutual inductance,
L1 = self-inductance of secondary of mutual inductance,
L2 =known self-inductance, and
R1, R2, R3, R4 = non-inductive resistors.
At balance voltage drop between b and c must equal the voltage drop between d and c. Also, the voltage drop across a-b-c must equal the voltage drop across a-d-c. Thus we have the following equations at balance.
It is clear from the above equation, that L1, the self inductance of the secondary of the mutual inductor must be known in order that M be measured by this Heaviside Bridge method.
In case R3 = R4
we get M = (L2 - L1)/2 and R1= R2
Heaviside Bridge method can be used for measurement of self-inductance. Supposing L2 is the self-inductance to be determined. From above equations, we get
Campbell’s Modification of Heaviside Bridge
With switch open from above equation we have,
Hence L2 = (M1 M2)(1 + R4/R3)
With switch open, we have, R2+ R = (R1 + r1)R4/R3
and with the switch closed
R = (R1 + r2)R4/R3
R2 = (r1 - r2) R4/R3
This method is a good example of the methods adopted to eliminate the effects of leads etc.
When we have equal ratio arms R3 = R4
and therefore from above equations we get,
L2 = (M1 - M2) and R2 = (r1 - r2)
Heaviside Campbell Equal Ratio Bridge
The use of balancing coil in the above method reduces the sensitivity of the bridge.The below figure shows Heaviside Campbell equal ratio bridge. This is a better arrangement which improves sensitivity and also dispenses with the use of a balancing coil.In this method, the secondary of the mutual inductor is made up of two equal coils each having a self-inductance.
At balance I1R3 = I2R4 but R3 = R4
and therefore I1 = I2 = I/2 as I = I1 + I2
Writing the other equation for balance
Equating the real and imaginary terms
R2 = R1 + r and L2 =2(Mx + My)=2M
Thus the magnitude of inductance measured with this method is twice the range of the mutual inductor. The values calculated above include the effects of leads etc. In order to eliminate these effects, we take two readings with the switch open circuited and another with the switch closed. Let M1, r1 be the readings of M, r with open circuit and M2, r2 with the short circuit.
R1 = (r1-r2) and L1 = 2(M1-M2)
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