Police SI Exams Exam > Police SI Exams Notes > General Awareness/सामान्य जागरूकता > Short Notes: Types of Rocks (चट्टानों के प्रकार)
Short Notes: Types of Rocks (चट्टानों के प्रकार) | General Awareness/सामान्य जागरूकता - Police SI Exams PDF Download
चट्टानों के प्रकार
चट्टान मुख्यत: तीन प्रकार की होती हैं – आग्नेय, अवसादी एवं कायांतरित।
इन तीनों का विस्तृत विवरण निम्नवत है-
आग्नेय चट्टान (Igneous Rock)
- आग से बनी चट्टानें यानी ज्वालामुखी से निकले लावा, मैग्मा एवं धूल के कणों के ठंड़ा होने पर जो चट्टाने बनती है वे आग्नेय चट्टाने कहलाती है।
- इन्हें प्राथमिक या मातृ शैल भी कहा जाता है।
- इनमें परते एवं जीवाश्म नहीं पाये जाते ।
- लोहा, निकिल, सोना, तांबा एवं जस्ता जैसे प्रमुख खनिज इसमें पाये जाते है।
- आर्थिक रूप से सम्पन्न चट्टानें है।
- आग्नेय चट्टान के उदाहरण – ग्रेनाइट, बेसाल्ट, पेग्माटाइट एवं बिटुमिनस आदि इसके प्रमुख उदाहरण है।
अवसादी चट्टान (Sedimentary Rock)
- अवसादी चट्टानों का निर्माण आग्नेय चट्टान से ही होता है।
- आग्नेय चट्टाने हवा व पानी की वजह से दूर जाकर जमने लगती है। इसी से अवसादी चट्टानों का निर्माण होता है।
- आग्नेय चट्टान की परत दर परत जमने से अवसादी चट्टाने बनती है। अतः इन्हें परतदार चट्टाने भी कहा जाता है।
- इन चट्टानों में जीवाश्म पाये जाते हैं ।
- खनिज तेल और शैल गैस आदि पाया जाते है।
- अवसादी चट्टान के उदाहरण – बलवा पत्थर, चूना पत्थर कोयला, डोलोमाइट, सेल चट्टान, संपिड, लिग्नाइट आदि इसके प्रमुख उदाहरण है।
कायान्तरित चट्टान (Metamorphic Rock)
- ताप, दाब एवं रासायनिक क्रियाओं के कारण आग्नेय एवं अवसादी चट्टानों का रूप बदल जाता है। जिसे रूपांतरित या कायान्तरित चट्टान कहा जाता है।
- ये दो प्रकार की होती हैं –
- आग्नेय से कायान्तरित चट्टाने
(i) ग्रेनाइट (आग्नेय) से नीस (कायान्तरित)
(ii) बेसाल्ट (आग्नेय) से सिस्ट (कायान्तरित) - अवसादी से कायान्तरित
(i) बलुआ पत्थर (आग्नेय) से क्वार्टजाइट (कायान्तरित)
(ii) चूना पत्थर (आग्नेय) से संगमरमर (कायान्तरित)
- आग्नेय से कायान्तरित चट्टाने
- कायान्तरित चट्टान के उदाहरण या रूपांतरित चट्टान के उदाहरण – ग्रेनाइट (आग्नेय) – नीस (कायान्तरित), बेसाल्ट (आग्नेय) – सिस्ट (कायान्तरित), बलुआ पत्थर (आग्नेय) – क्वार्टजाइट (कायान्तरित),चूना पत्थर (आग्नेय) – संगमरमर (कायान्तरित) आदि इसके प्रमुख उदाहरण है।
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