Analogy Tips and Tricks for Government Exams

Introduction

Here on this you will be provided with the Tips and Tricks of Analogy and classification Recognition. A variety of Analogy questions are being asked in competitive exams, but there is no rule of thumb to rapid them.
Basic general knowledge followed by a good vocabulary can easily help in solving such problems. 

Definition

An analogy is a cognitive tool used to compare relationships between pairs of things, concepts, or ideas. It's a way of explaining or understanding something by drawing parallels between two different but similar situations. Analogies are commonly used to clarify complex ideas, enhance understanding, and make new concepts relatable by using familiar contexts

Tips and Shortcuts for Analogy and Classification Recognition

• Identify the Relationship: Before trying to find the correct answer, understand the relationship between the given pair of words. Is it a synonym, antonym, part-whole relationship, cause-effect, etc.?
• Apply the Relationship: Once you've identified the relationship, apply it to the answer choices. Look for the answer choice that exhibits the same relationship as the given pair.
• Use Key Words: Pay attention to key words or phrases in the analogy. These might hint at the type of relationship you're dealing with.
• Eliminate Wrong Answers: Often, eliminating obviously incorrect answer choices can narrow down your options and increase your chances of selecting the correct answer.
• Check for Consistency: Ensure that the relationship you identify applies consistently to all parts of the analogy.
• Draw a Quick Diagram: Sometimes, sketching a simple diagram or visualization of the relationship can make it easier to see which answer fits.
• Avoid Misdirection: Be wary of answer choices that may seem logical at first glance but do not accurately reflect the relationship between the given words.

Types of Analogies and Classification Recognition

• Completing analogous pair: Such questions give the relationship between a pair; the first element of the second pair is given and we have to find the second element of the second pair based on a similar relationship given by the first pair.
• Simple Analogy: In such questions, a simple statement is given where a relationship is given and we're asked the second element for the term given in the question.
• Choosing the analogous pair: In such questions, a pair is given in the question and we've to find a suitable pair from the options given that resembles the similar relationship.
• Multiple word analogy: These are the type of questions discussed above with the only difference being that here three elements are given in a pair instead of two and we have to select the suitable option.
• Number Based Analogy: In this analogy we just have to find the next term in relation to the sequence given in the questions.
• Alphabet-based analogy: In these types of questions, two words that are a group of random letters are related to each other in some way.

Examples

Example 1: 8 : 39 :: 72 : __ ?
(a) 09
(b) 318
(c) 354
(d) 351
Ans: (d)
Solution: 8 is first getting multiplied by 5 and then it is getting subtracted by 1 as 8 is the first multiple of 8. (8 = 8 × 1) = 8 × 5 - 1 = 39
Similarly,
We'll first multiply 72 by 5 and then subtract 9 from it as 72 is the 9th multiple of 8. (72 = 8 × 9) = 72 × 5 - 9 = 351.

Example 2: Cannes : France :: Milan ______.
(a) Germany
(b) Italy
(c) Iceland
(d) England
Ans: (b)
Solution: The most famous of city of France is Cannes whereas the most famous city of Italy is Milan.

Example 3: 9 * 5 : 5 :: 8 * 9 : ?
(a) 5
(b) 8
(c) 2
(d) 7
Ans: (c)
Solution: Multiply the digits and the unit digit is the answer.
Like,
9 × 5 = 45 : Its unit's digit is 5.
8 × 9 = 72 : Its unit's digit is 2.

Example 4: HJIK : MONP : : STUV : ?
(a) XYZA
(b) UWVX
(c) UXWV
(d) UWXV
Ans: (a)
Solution: 

HJIK → MONP
Letter positions:
H(8) → M(13) (+5)
J(10) → O(15) (+5)
I(9) → N(14) (+5)
K(11) → P(16) (+5)
Pattern: Each letter moves forward by 5 positions in the alphabet.
Apply to STUV
S(19) + 5 = 24 → X
T(20) + 5 = 25 → Y
U(21) + 5 = 26 → Z
V(22) + 5 = 27 → 27 - 26 = 1 → A
STUV → XYZA

Example 5: Apple : Fruit :: Carrot : ______.
(a) Stem
(b) Vegetable
(c) Root
(d) Root vegetable
Ans: (d)
Solution: Apple is a famous fruit whereas Carrot is a root vegetable.