Discursive Passage Worksheet Solutions: Saving for a Rainy Day

Read the following passage carefully:

1. The Food Bill is still in the works but has provoked a furious debate on the lack of grain storage facilities, rotting of grains and whether they should be distributed free to the hungry masses. Waking up to the fact that no food security programme can be effective without proper storage, the government is now planning to upgrade existing warehousing facilities and also adding new ones. However, between food security and large-scale storage, there's a missing link that needs to be taken note of: storage at the farm level. No one can deny the importance of decentralised storage; at least 25-30 per cent grains in the country are stored at the farm level.
2. However, it's not as if there hasn't been enough thrust on this issue: there are State institutes to look into the storage problems.
3. Yet, policy-wise we did have a sound start: the Save Grain Campaign, which was initiated 43 years ago, was supposed to do what we are floundering on now. Through this campaign, the Centre was to initiate and train states in warehousing and storage of grains. The Centre wanted the states to take it up on a large scale but the latter did not want any "added responsibility". Finding no takers, the campaign was withdrawn in 2008.
4. "Around 15-20 per cent foodgrain losses occur in large storage godowns. Along with investment in large storage capacities, we must encourage farm-level storage. This can be in the form of refining and improving the local/indigenous storage technologies and providing technical and financial support at that level," says M.B. Chetti, Dean, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka.
5. He and many experts like him suggest that if we want to leapfrog in storage capacity at the farm-level (since setting up large storages is time-consuming and expensive), new technologiese vacuum packaging could be the answer. They assure quality as well as a chance to store grains almost anywhere and that it can be done in villages by trained persons.
6. "Alternatively, we have to go for cold storage facilities for food grains, which is very costly since it involves electricity supply," says Chetti. Instead, vacuum packing, say experts, helps preserve grains and seeds for long periods without any deterioration in quality. In fact, an experiment was carried out in the university on the usefulness of the packaging system (using chilli) and the results were satisfactory. The available technology offers a seven- layer packing to preserve quality for long periods of time and once sealed, climatic changes have no effect on it. Elimination of oxygen from the pack helps in extending shelf life.
7. "At present only three-layer plastic films are manufactured in India. The seven-layered film needs to be imported. But the import duty is high," says Mohan Bajikar, of course, such technologies are expensive, but then delivering to the hungry isn't enough-quality must be ensured.
8. Fool policy analyst Devinder Sharma, however, says expensive solutions like silos and warehousing are not the answer to procurement and storage problems. Instead, he says, "local production, local procurement and local distribution" is the answer, something like what Chhattisgarh has been doing. It procures paddy directly from farmers, buying it through cooperative societies and procurement centres at the village level. To store, he adds, the government can add a small godown next to each panchayat ghar.
9. Whichever way we look at it, decentralised storage cannot be left out of the loop if we want to ensure food security and reduce stock losses.

A. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option:

Q.1. The necessity of proper storage has been realised because______
(a) there is lack of grain storage facilities
(b) grain is lying in the open and rotting
(c) no food security is possible without it
(d) masses are hungry and without grain

Ans: (c)
Explanation: The passage states that the government has realized that no food security program can be effective without proper storage.

Q.2. Decentralised storage stress upon______
(a) storage at farm level
(b) storage at block level
(c) storage at district level
(d) storage at state level

Ans: (a)
Explanation: The passage mentions the importance of decentralized storage, specifically storage at the farm level.

Q.3. The 'Save Grain Campaign' was withdrawn after 43 years because______
(a) the centre did not spare funds
(b) proper training in warehousing was lacking
(c) the states did not show any interest
(d) the states did not want any added responsibility

Ans: (d)
Explanation: According to the passage, the states did not want any "added responsibility," so they did not take up the campaign on a large scale, leading to its withdrawal.

Q.4. The most cost-effective solution for storage of grain is______
(a) cold storage facilities
(b) decentralised storage
(c) setting up large warehouses
(d) vacuum packaging

Ans: (d)
Explanation: The passage suggests that new technologies like vacuum packaging could be a cost-effective solution for grain storage.

Q.5. Experts reject silos and warehousing because______
(a) these are very costly solutions
(b) local storage and distribution is more effective
(c) these are inadequate for storage
(d) these fail to reduce stock losses

Ans: (b)
Explanation: According to the passage, experts reject silos and warehousing in favor of local storage and distribution, which they consider more effective.

Q.6. The word 'facilities' in para 6 means______
(a) aptitude
(b) dexterity
(c) conveniences
(d) buildings for a particular purpose

Ans: (c)
Explanation: In this context, the word "facilities" refers to conveniences or amenities, specifically referring to storage facilities.

B. Answer the following questions in brief:

Q.7. Why was save green campaign withdrawn after 43 years?

The Save Grain Campaign was withdrawn after 43 years because the states did not want any added responsibility and did not take up the campaign on a large scale.

Q.8. Which is the most cost effective solution for storage of grain?

The most cost-effective solution for storage of grain, as mentioned in the passage, is vacuum packaging.

Q.9. How are new technologies like vacuum packaging more successful in storing?

New technologies like vacuum packaging are more successful in storing because they assure quality and can preserve grains and seeds for long periods without any deterioration. Vacuum packaging eliminates oxygen from the pack, extending the shelf life of the stored grains.

Q.10. Why do experts reject soil and warehousing?

Experts reject silos and warehousing because they consider local storage and distribution to be more effective in addressing the storage and distribution problems. Silos and warehousing are seen as expensive solutions that do not reduce stock losses effectively.

Q.11. Find the words from the passage which are similar in meaning?
(a) Improve (para 1)
(b) Native (para 4)

(a) Refine: The word "improve" means to make something better or enhance its quality. Similarly, the word "refine" also means to improve or perfect something by making it more precise, polished, or efficient. In this context, "improve" and "refine" have a similar meaning of enhancing or making something better.
(b) Indigenous: The word "native" refers to something or someone that is born or originating from a particular place or country. On the other hand, the word "indigenous" also refers to something or someone that is native to a specific region or locality. Both "native" and "indigenous" convey a similar meaning of belonging to or being inherent to a particular place.