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Neurotransmitters play a crucial role as chemical messengers, transmitting signals across a synapse from the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another neuron. These neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron in vesicles that traverse the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. Depending on their nature, neurotransmitters can either enhance or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron's likelihood of generating an action potential. Once released, neurotransmitters are cleared from the synaptic cleft through various mechanisms, including diffusion, enzymatic breakdown, or active re-uptake pumps that transport them back into the presynaptic axon.

To investigate the mechanisms involved in the removal of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft, a researcher devises a series of experiments in mice. The objective is to enhance the rate of neurotransmitter release and observe the compensatory changes in the removal processes. Additionally, the researcher cultures neurons obtained from the mice to explore aspects of neurotransmitter release and clearance in a controlled in vitro environment.

Question for Practice Passage Test - 3
Try yourself:What is the main function of neurotransmitters at the synapse?
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Question for Practice Passage Test - 3
Try yourself:How are neurotransmitters released from the presynaptic neuron?
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Question for Practice Passage Test - 3
Try yourself:What are the three main mechanisms involved in the removal of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft?
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Question for Practice Passage Test - 3
Try yourself:What is the researcher's objective in increasing the rate of neurotransmitter release in the experiments with mice?
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Question for Practice Passage Test - 3
Try yourself:Why does the researcher culture neurons from the mice for in vitro experiments?
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