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Test of Fe2+ and Fe3+ | Chemistry for JAMB PDF Download

Introduction

The identification and differentiation of Fe2+ (ferrous) and Fe3+ (ferric) ions are essential in chemistry. These tests are commonly encountered in the JAMB Chemistry exam. In this note, we will discuss the tests that can be conducted to distinguish between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions based on their chemical properties.

Test 1: Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Procedure:

  • Take a small amount of the unknown iron solution in a test tube.
  • Add a few drops of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to the test tube.
    Observations:
    Fe2+ (ferrous) ions:
    A green precipitate is formed initially, which quickly turns brown due to oxidation.
    Fe3+ (ferric) ions:
    A reddish-brown precipitate is formed.

Test 2: Reaction with Potassium Thiocyanate (KSCN)

Procedure:

  • Take a small amount of the unknown iron solution in a test tube.
  • Add a few drops of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) solution to the test tube.
    Observations:
    Fe2+ (ferrous) ions:
    No immediate color change is observed.
    Fe3+ (ferric) ions:
    A deep red color is observed due to the formation of the complex ion [Fe(SCN)6]3-.

Test 3: Reaction with Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

Procedure:

  • Take a small amount of the unknown iron solution in a test tube.
  • Add a few drops of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution to the test tube.
    Observations:
    Fe2+ (ferrous) ions:

    Effervescence occurs, and the solution turns brown due to the formation of Fe3+ ions.
    Fe3+ (ferric) ions:
    No significant change is observed.

Conclusion

In summary, the tests described above can be used to differentiate between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions. The reaction with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces a green precipitate for Fe2+ and a reddish-brown precipitate for Fe3+. The reaction with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) results in no immediate color change for Fe2+, while a deep red color is observed for Fe3+. Lastly, the reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) causes effervescence and a color change to brown for Fe2+, whereas Fe3+ shows no significant change. These tests provide a reliable means of identifying the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in a given solution.
Note: It is always advisable to confirm these test results by conducting multiple tests and comparing the observations with known standards or using additional confirmatory tests to ensure accurate identification.

The document Test of Fe2+ and Fe3+ | Chemistry for JAMB is a part of the JAMB Course Chemistry for JAMB.
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