Worksheet Solutions: Mountains and Rivers | General Knowledge Encyclopedia - Class 8 PDF Download

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions

Q1: Which of the following is a landform formed by the movement of Earth's tectonic plates?
(a) River
(b) Mountain
(c) Valley
(d) Cave

Ans: Mountain
Explanation: Mountains are formed when tectonic plates collide or move apart, causing the Earth's crust to fold or uplift.

Q2: Which of the following is the highest mountain range in the world?
(a) Alps
(b) Andes
(c) Himalayas
(d) Rocky Mountains

Ans: Himalayas
Explanation: The Himalayas is the highest mountain range in the world, with Mount Everest being its highest peak.

Q3: How are mountains different from hills?
(a) Mountains are taller than hills.
(b) Hills are taller than mountains.
(c) Mountains have rounded tops.
(d) Hills are always covered in snow.

Ans:  Mountains are taller than hills
Explanation: Mountains are typically taller and have more rugged terrain compared to hills.

Q4: Which of the following rivers is the longest in the world?
(a) Nile
(b) Amazon
(c) Ganges
(d) Yangtze

Ans: Nile
Explanation: The Nile River in Africa is the longest river in the world, spanning approximately 6,650 kilometers.

Q5: Which of the following is a natural process responsible for the formation of valleys?
(a) Erosion
(b) Volcanic eruption
(c) Earthquake
(d) Deforestation

Ans: Erosion
Explanation: Valleys are formed through erosion, which is the gradual wearing away of rocks and soil by natural forces like water and wind.

Section B: Short Questions

Q1: Name two famous mountain ranges in Europe.

Ans: Two famous mountain ranges in Europe are the Alps and the Carpathian Mountains.

Q2: What causes rivers to flow downhill?

Ans: Rivers flow downhill due to gravity. Water always seeks the lowest possible point, so it flows from higher elevations to lower elevations.

Q3: How are mountains useful to humans?

Ans: Mountains are useful to humans in several ways. They provide a source of freshwater through rivers, offer recreational opportunities like hiking and skiing, and serve as habitats for various plant and animal species.

Q4: Explain the difference between a river and a lake.

Ans: A river is a large, flowing body of water that moves in a specific direction and usually empties into a sea or an ocean. A lake, on the other hand, is a body of water that is surrounded by land and is usually stationary.

Q5: How do rivers change the landscape over time?

Ans: Rivers change the landscape over time through processes like erosion and deposition. They erode rocks and soil, creating valleys and canyons, and deposit sediments to form deltas and floodplains.

Section C: Fill in the Blanks

Q1: A _______ is a large, flowing body of water.

Ans: river
Explanation: A river is a large, flowing body of water that typically flows towards the ocean or a lake. It is formed by the accumulation of water from various sources, such as rain, springs, and melting glaciers.

Q2: The highest peak in the world is _______.

Ans: Mount Everest
Explanation: Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world, with an elevation of 8,848.86 meters (29,031.7 feet) above sea level. It is part of the Himalayas and is located in the border region between Nepal and China (Tibet).

Q3: The process of wearing away rocks and soil by wind and water is called _______.

Ans: Erosion
Explanation: Erosion is the process by which rocks and soil are gradually worn away by natural forces such as wind, water, and ice. It can result in the formation of various landforms, including valleys, canyons, and coastlines.

Q4: A _______ is a narrow, deep valley with steep sides.

Ans: canyon
Explanation: A canyon is a narrow, deep valley with steep sides, often carved out by rivers over long periods of time. Canyons can be found in various geological settings, including deserts, plateaus, and mountainous regions.

Q5: The _______ is an underwater mountain range.

Ans: Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Explanation: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an underwater mountain range that runs down the center of the Atlantic Ocean. It is a divergent tectonic plate boundary where new oceanic crust is continuously formed as the North American and Eurasian plates move away from each other. The ridge is characterized by volcanic activity and is home to many hydrothermal vents and unique ecosystems.

Section D: True or False

Q1: Mountains are always covered in snow.

Ans: False
Explanation: Mountains are not always covered in snow. Snow can be present on the peaks, but not all mountains have snow year-round.

Q2: Rivers flow in the opposite direction of gravity.

Ans: False
Explanation: Rivers flow in the direction of gravity, from higher elevations to lower elevations.

Q3: Lakes are larger than rivers.

Ans: False
Explanation: Lakes are typically larger than rivers. Lakes are stationary bodies of water, whereas rivers are flowing bodies of water.

Q4: Valleys are formed by the movement of tectonic plates.

Ans: True
Explanation: Valleys can be formed by the movement of tectonic plates, causing the land to sink or be uplifted.

Q5: The Earth's highest peak is Mount Everest.

Ans: True
Explanation: Mount Everest is the Earth's highest peak, with an elevation of 8,848 meters above sea level.

Section E: Match the Following

Ans: