Class 10 History Chapter 2 Question Answers - India and the Contemporary World - II

Q1: Who was Frederic Sorrieu?
Ans: Frederic Sorrieu was a French artist, who prepared a series of four prints, visualising his dream of a world made up of democratic and social republics.

Q2: To which country did the artist Frederic Sorrieu belong?
Ans: Artist Frederic Sorrieu belonged to France.

Q3: Why did French artist, Frederic Sorrieu prepare a series of print based on democratic and socialist republics in 1848? [CBSE Sample Paper-2017]
Ans: To depict his Utopian vision where the people of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified through flag and national costumes offering homage to the Statue of Liberty.

Q4: What does ‘Absolutist’ mean?
Ans: Precisely, a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power exercised. In history, the term refers to a form of monarchical government that was centralised, militarised and repressive.

Q5: What was the concept of a ‘modern state’?
Ans: A centralised power exercised sovereign control over a clearly defined territory.

Q6: What does ‘Nation-state’ mean?
Ans: A nation state was the one in which the majority of its citizens and not only its rulers, came to develop a sense of common identity and shared history or descent.

Q7: What do the ideas of ‘la Patrie’ and ‘le Citoyen’ emphasize?
Ans: The ideas of ‘la Patrie’ and ‘le Citoyen’ emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.

Q8: Which new name was given to ‘The Estates General’?
Ans: ‘National Assembly’.

Q9: When did industrialisation begin in England and other parts of Europe?
Ans: Industrialisation began in England in the second half of the 18th century, but in France and parts of German states, it occurred only during the 19th century.

Q10: Which new social groups emerged after industrial revolution?
Ans: A working class population, and middle classes made up of industrialists, businessmen, professionals.

Q11: What is the origin of the word ‘Liberalism’? What did it mean?
Ans: The term ‘Liberalism’ is derived from the latin root ‘liber’, meaning free.

Q12: What was the meaning of the word ‘Liberalism’ for the new middle classes?
Ans: For the new middle classes, liberalism stood for freedom of the individual and equality of all before the law. Politically, it emphasised the concept of government by consent.

Q13: What was the strong demand of the emerging middle classes in Europe during nineteenth century? [CBSE (F) 2016]
Ans: The strong demand of emerging middle class in Europe was freedom of markets and the abolition of state imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.

Q14: How did liberalism stand in the economic sphere?
Ans: In the economic sphere, liberalism stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state–imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.

Q15: What was Zollverein?
Ans: In 1834, a customs union or Zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and was joined by most of the German states.

Q16: Why was Zollverein formed?
Ans: To harness economic interests which lead to national unification of Germany.

Q17: Which countries met at Treaty of Vienna?
Ans: In 1815, representatives of the European powers—Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria—who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe.

Q18: Who hosted the Treaty of Vienna?
Ans: Austrian chancellor, Duke Metternich hosted this congress at Vienna in 1815.

Q19: What was the objective of Treaty of Vienna?
OR
What was the main aim of Treaty of Vienna 1815? [CBSE (F) 2016]
Ans: The aim was to reverse most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic war. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution was restored to power.

Q20: What was the main aim of revolutionaries of Europe during the years following 1815? [CBSE Delhi 2016]
Ans: Aim of revolutionaries of Europe: To oppose monarchial forms of government.