Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Case Based Questions - Contemporary India - II

Case Study - 1

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year. And the sum of production in the three sectors gives what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year. GDP shows how big the economy is. In India, the mammoth task of measuring GDP is undertaken by a central government ministry. This Ministry, with the help of various government departments of all the Indian states and union territories, collects information relating to total volume of goods and services and their prices and then estimates the GDP. When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector. The secondary sector in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under the tertiary sector and is different from the above two. These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the production process.

Q1: Which sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India?
Ans: Tertiary Sector

Q2: Life insurance is an activity of which sector?
Ans: Tertiary Sector

Q3: What is GDP?
Ans: The money value of all the final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year.

Case Study - 2

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

Industrial locations are complex in nature. These are influenced by availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market, etc. It is rarely possible to find all these factors available at one place. Consequently, manufacturing activity tends to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors of industrial location are either available or can be arranged at lower cost. After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. Sometimes, industries are located in or near the cities. Thus, industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand. Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc. to the industry. Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies. Gradually, a large industrial agglomeration takes place.

Q1: On what factors are the location of the industry dependent on?
Ans: It is dependent on availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market, etc.

Q2: What do you understand by agglomeration economies?
Ans: Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies.

Q3: How do industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand?
Ans: Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc. to the industry.

Case Study - 3

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has great ecological consequences like Stalinization of soil.

At the same time, it has transformed the social landscape for e.g.; increasing the social gap between the richer land owners and landless poor. As a result, we can see, the dams did create conflicts between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same water resources. In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot over the higher priority given to water supply in Urban areas, particularly during droughts. Inter-state water disputes were also becoming common with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of multi-purpose projects.

Q1: How did cropping pattern change by irrigation?
Ans: Many farmers because of increased availability of water have switched over to the cultivation of water intensive commercial crops such as Jute/Cotton and Tea, rather than food grains such as Bajra, Wheat and Ragi.

Q2: Analyse the statement “Dams created conflict between people.”
Ans: Dams cause mostly internal disputes for the sharing and non-sharing of water benefits to each other. Displacement of local people of the area.

Q3: What are the consequences of irrigation on Soil and social landscape.
Ans: Water logging and salinisation of soil is common problem associated with irrigation.

Case Study - 4

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

The biological loss is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity. Such losses have increasingly marginalized and impoverished many indigenous and other forest-dependent communities, who directly depend on various components of the forest and wildlife for food, drink, medicine, culture, spirituality, etc. Within the poor, women are affected more than men. In many societies, women bear the major responsibility of collection of fuel, fodder, water and other basic subsistence needs. As these resources are depleted, the drudgery of women increases and sometimes they have to walk for more than 10 km to collect these resources. This causes serious health problems for women and negligence of home and children because of the increased hours of work, which often has serious social implications. The indirect impact of degradation such as severe drought or deforestation-induced floods, etc. also hits the poor the hardest.

Q1: Mention the importance of forests in our life.
Ans: Importance of forests in our life:

• Forests provide us with wood, food, medicines, honey, etc.
• Forests are a habitat for a number of animals.
• Forests help to maintain ecological balance and food chain, rain, oxygen, etc.

Q2: How does biological loss of forest and wildlife correlate with the loss of cultural diversity?
Ans: 

• Loss of cultural diversity: Many indigenous communities depend on forests for various components of forest and wildlife will be increasingly marginalized and impoverished
• Women have to walk long distance to collect basic necessities, increased hours of work,this causes health problems.
• Natural calamities like severe drought and deforestation induced floods will increase.
• If forests are destroyed poor people will be deprived of the basic necessities.