Class 10 History Chapter 2 Assertion and Reason Questions - India and the Contemporary World - II

Correct answer is : Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite a nation.

• As the national movement developed, nationalist leaders became more and more aware of such icons and symbols in unifying people and inspiring in them a feeling of nationalism.
• During the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green and yellow) was designed.
• It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India, and a crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims.
• By 1921, Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj Flag. It was again a tricolour (red, green, white) and had a spinning wheel in the centre representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help.
• Carrying the flag holding it aloft during marches became a symbol

(iii) The first meeting of the Indian National Congress in Bombay.

(i) Formation of the Muslim League.

(ii) The First World War.

(iv) The war prices increased in double.

(ii) Hindustan Socialist Republican Association: HRA was later reorganised as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA). It was established in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla in New Delhi by Chandra Shekhar Azad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee.

(iii) All Indian Trade Union Congress: It was founded on 31 October 1920 with Lala Lajpat Rai as its first president. In Bombay by Lala Lajpat Rai, Joseph Baptista, N. M. Joshi, Diwan Chaman Lall and a few others and, until 1945 when unions became organised on party lines, it was the primary trade union organisation in India.

(iv) Swadeshi Movement: There was a tricolour flag which was designed during the swadeshi movement in Bengal. The flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. It was Gandhi's idea about how it should be designed but he commissioned the responsibility to Venkayya to design the flag. It was the first Indian flag which was designed.

• In December 1929, under the Presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress formalised the demand of 'Purna Swaraj' or full independence for India. It was declared that 26 January 1930 would be celebrated as the Independence Day when people were to take a pledge to struggle for complete independence.
• Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food. Due to tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production, Mahatma Gandhi declared and revealed the most oppressive face of British rule. Thus, Gandhiji demanded to abolish the salt tax.