Assertion & Reason Type Questions: Physical Features of India

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Q1: Assertion (A): Purvanchal is located in the Eastern Part of India.
Reason (R): It is a sub-mountain range of the Himalayas in North-East India.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
(i) Assertion: Purvanchal is located in the eastern part of India.
(ii) Reason: Purvanchal is a sub-mountain range of the Himalayas in the north-east of India.
(iii) Justification: The name Purvanchal is used for the Eastern Himalayas. The Brahmaputra marks the easternmost boundary; beyond the Dihang gorge the Himalayan range turns southwards along India's north-eastern boundary. Thus R correctly explains A.

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Q2: Assertion (A): The Northern plains are an agriculturally very productive part of India.
Reason (R): The Northern plains have fertile soil cover, adequate water supply, favourable climate and terrain.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
(i) Assertion: The Northern plains are agriculturally very productive.
(ii) Reason: They have fertile soil, adequate water, a favourable climate and suitable terrain.
(iii) Justification: Rivers such as the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra with their tributaries deposit rich alluvium over the plains. This, together with abundant water supply, level terrain and a suitable climate, makes the Northern plains highly productive for agriculture.

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Q3: Assertion (A): The rivers flowing from mountains to plains tend to lose their speed.
Reason (R): The slopes become gentler over plains.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
(i) Assertion: Rivers slow down when they move from mountains into plains.
(ii) Reason: The slopes in plains are gentler than in mountains.
(iii) Justification: In mountains the steep gradients increase a river's velocity. When the river enters the plains, the gradient becomes gentle and the flow slows down. This is evident in the rivers that descend from the Himalayas into the Northern plains.

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Q4: Assertion (A): The Peninsular plateau has broad and shallow valleys and gentle hills with rounded tops.
Reason (R): The Peninsular Plateau is a part of the oldest landmass.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
(i) Assertion: The Peninsular plateau shows broad, shallow valleys and gentle hills with rounded tops.
(ii) Reason: It is part of India's oldest landmass.
(iii) Justification: The Peninsular plateau originated from the break-up and drift of the Gondwana land and is geologically very old. Long periods of weathering and erosion have worn down sharp relief, producing broad valleys and rounded hilltops. Thus R correctly explains A.

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Q5: Assertion (A): The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and irregular.
Reason (R): These Ghats are dissected by rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
(i) Assertion: The Eastern Ghats are not a continuous mountain chain; they are discontinuous and irregular.
(ii) Reason: Many east-flowing rivers cut across these ghats and drain into the Bay of Bengal.
(iii) Justification: Most peninsular rivers flow eastwards, cutting wide valleys through the Ghats and forming deltas near the sea. This dissection by rivers creates breaks and irregularities in the Eastern Ghats, so R correctly explains A.