Assertion and Reason: Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic | Class 6: Additional Practice PDF Download

Q1: Assertion(A): There were many practises and rituals in the past which were done by Rajas or kings  to stamp their authority.
Reason(R): One such practice was ‘Ashvamedha’ or horse sacrifice.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: a
Assertion(A): There were many practises and rituals in the past which were done by Rajas or kings to stamp their authority. Reason(R): One such practice was ‘Ashvamedha’ or horse sacrifice. The assertion and the reason are both true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. The 'Ashvamedha' was a significant ritual performed by the Rajas to establish their power and authority. The king would send a horse accompanied by his army, which would cover the entire kingdom. Any ruler who stopped the horse was challenged to a fight. If the horse returned without any challenge, it was sacrificed and the authority of the king was reaffirmed.

Q2: Assertion(A): Books like Samaveda, Yajur Veda and Atharvaveda are characterised under the later Vedic period.
Reason(R): It is because these books were composed long after Rigveda. They were composed by the common people chronicling their day to day life.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: c
Assertion(A): Books like Samaveda, Yajur Veda and Atharvaveda are characterised under the later Vedic period. Reason(R): It is because these books were composed long after Rigveda. They were composed by the common people chronicling their day to day life. The assertion is true but the reason is false. These books were indeed composed long after Rigveda, but they were not composed by the common people. They were composed by the Brahmanas, who were the priestly class. They contain hymns, rituals and philosophical discourses.

Q3: Assertion(A): The priest, who composed the books, divided the people into four groups.
Reason(R): One of those groups was that of Kshatriyas who along with fighting battles and protecting people also imparted knowledge about the vedas from time to time.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: c
Assertion(A): The priest, who composed the books, divided the people into four groups. Reason(R): One of those groups was that of Kshatriyas who along with fighting battles and protecting people also imparted knowledge about the vedas from time to time. The assertion is true but the reason is false. The priests divided the society into four varnas or groups namely the Brahmanas (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (traders and farmers) and Shudras (servants). However, it was the Brahmanas who were responsible for imparting knowledge about the Vedas, not the Kshatriyas.

Q4: Assertion(A): The Rajas who performed big sacrifices like Ashvamedha were called Janapadas.
Reason(R): Janapadas literally means the undisputed king of all people.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: c
Assertion(A): The Rajas who performed big sacrifices like Ashvamedha were called Janapadas. Reason(R): Janapadas literally means the undisputed king of all people. The assertion is true but the reason is false. Janapadas refers to the territory where a Jana (tribe) set its foot or settled permanently. It does not refer to the king. It was the territory ruled by the king.

Q5: Assertion(A): Artisans flourished during the Vedic period.
Reason(R) The presence of skilled artisans can be verified by the discovery of a special type of pottery found at these sites known as Painted Grey Ware  discovered during excavations.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: a
Assertion(A): Artisans flourished during the Vedic period. Reason(R) The presence of skilled artisans can be verified by the discovery of a special type of pottery found at these sites known as Painted Grey Ware discovered during excavations. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. The presence of Painted Gray Ware indicates the existence of skilled artisans during the Vedic period.

Q6: Assertion(A): About 2500 years ago, some Janpadas became more important than others, and were known as Mahajanpadas.
Reason(R): Proper fortification was done, armies were raised and a proper taxation system was put in place to keep a better check on people.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: a
Assertion(A): About 2500 years ago, some Janpadas became more important than others, and were known as Mahajanpadas. Reason(R): Proper fortification was done, armies were raised and a proper taxation system was put in place to keep a better check on people. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. The Mahajanpadas were bigger and more powerful than the other Janapadas. They had stronger military power and administrative structures, which included fortifications, armies and taxation systems.

Q7: Assertion(A): Along with taxes on crops there were taxes on crafts persons as well in the Mahajanapadas.
Reason(R) These taxes were put in place so that avenues such as building huge forts, maintaining big armies could be resourced.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: a
Assertion(A): Along with taxes on crops there were taxes on crafts persons as well in the Mahajanapadas. Reason(R) These taxes were put in place so that avenues such as building huge forts, maintaining big armies could be resourced. Both the assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. The Mahajanapadas had a broad-based taxation system, which included taxes on crops, crafts persons and traders. The revenues generated from these taxes were used for maintaining the administrative machinery, fortifications and the army.

Q8: Assertion(A): Taxes were levied not just on farmers only in the Mahajanapadas.
Reason(R): Herders were also expected to pay taxes in the form of animals and animals produced.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: a
Assertion(A): Taxes were levied not just on farmers only in the Mahajanapadas. Reason(R): Herders were also expected to pay taxes in the form of animals and animals produced. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. The tax system in the Mahajanapadas was comprehensive and included not only farmers but also other sections of the society like herders, crafts persons and traders. Herders were expected to pay taxes in the form of animals and animal produce.

Q9: Assertion(A):There were major changes and advancement introduced around the time of Mahajanpadas.
Reason(R): One of them was growing use of Iron ploughshares which meant heavy, clayey soil could be turned over better than with a wooden ploughshare.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: a
Assertion(A):There were major changes and advancement introduced around the time of Mahajanapadas. Reason(R): One of them was growing use of Iron ploughshares which meant heavy, clayey soil could be turned over better than with a wooden ploughshare. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. The period of Mahajanapadas saw significant advancements in agricultural technology. The use of iron ploughshares was one such advancement which greatly enhanced the productivity of agriculture.

Q10: Assertion(A): New and creative techniques were being introduced to induce proper growth of agriculture produce in the era of Mahajanpadas.
Reason(R): One of the methods was Transplanting paddy where instead of scattering seed on the ground, saplings were grown and then planted in the fields.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: a
Assertion(A): New and creative techniques were being introduced to induce proper growth of agriculture produce in the era of Mahajanapadas. Reason(R): One of the methods was Transplanting paddy where instead of scattering seed on the ground, saplings were grown and then planted in the fields. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. The period of Mahajanapadas witnessed various innovative agricultural practices, one of which was the transplanting of paddy. This technique improved the productivity of paddy cultivation.

Q11: Assertion(A): Magadha became the most important Mahajanpada in about two hundred years.
Reason(R): One of the biggest reasons was that Many rivers such as The Ganga, Son and Brahmaputra flowed through Magadha which ensured that it was fortified from the enemies on three frontiers.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: c
Assertion(A): Magadha became the most important Mahajanpada in about two hundred years. Reason(R): One of the biggest reasons was that Many rivers such as The Ganga, Son and Brahmaputra flowed through Magadha which ensured that it was fortified from the enemies on three frontiers. The assertion is true but the reason is false. While it is true that the rivers provided natural defense to Magadha, the main reasons for the rise of Magadha were the policies of aggressive expansion and centralization adopted by its rulers, the availability of iron ore deposits in the region, and its strategic location in the fertile Ganga valley.

Q12: Assertion(A): Powerful rulers who laid emphasis on capturing other Janpadas played a pivotal role in the rise of Magadha.
Reason(R): Two of the most important rulers to that account were Bimbisara and Ajatshatru.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: b
Assertion(A): Powerful rulers who laid emphasis on capturing other Janpadas played a pivotal role in the rise of Magadha. Reason(R): Two of the most important rulers to that account were Bimbisara and Ajatshatru. Both the assertion and the reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. Bimbisara and Ajatshatru were indeed important rulers of Magadha, but they are not directly related to the assertion. The assertion talks about the policy of aggressive expansion, which was a common strategy adopted by many rulers of the time, not just Bimbisara and Ajatshatru.

Q13: Assertion(A): Alexander, of Macedonia who had captured parts of Egypt and West Asia was stopped in his tracks on the river beas by the might of the Magadha Empire.
Reason(R): Magadha at that time was being ruled by the Nandas who had vast armies of foot soldiers, chariots and elephants.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: d
Assertion(A): Alexander, of Macedonia who had captured parts of Egypt and West Asia was stopped in his tracks on the river beas by the might of the Magadha Empire. Reason(R): Magadha at that time was being ruled by the Nandas who had vast armies of foot soldiers, chariots and elephants. The assertion is false but the reason is true. Alexander was indeed stopped on the river Beas, but it was not by the might of the Magadha Empire. He was forced to stop his eastward conquest because his army refused to march further. However, it is true that Magadha, ruled by the Nandas at that time, had a powerful army.

Q14: Assertion(A): Vajji, another powerful kingdom was ruled by a different form of government as opposed to that of Magadha.
Reason(R): This different form of government was known as Gana or Sangha. In this, there were not one, but many rulers.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: a
Assertion(A): Vajji, another powerful kingdom was ruled by a different form of government as opposed to that of Magadha. Reason(R): This different form of government was known as Gana or Sangha. In this, there were not one, but many rulers. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. The Vajji kingdom was indeed governed by a different form of government known as Gana or Sangha, which was a form of republic or oligarchy where there were many rulers or chiefs.

Q15: Assertion(A): The kingdom of Vajji did not allow equal participation of different groups in their assemblies to discuss matters of great importance.
Reason(R): People belonging to the class of Kamakaras and dasas were not allowed to participate. However women were allowed to actively participate and rose  to prominent positions.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: a
Assertion(A): The kingdom of Vajji did not allow equal participation of different groups in their assemblies to discuss matters of great importance. Reason(R): People belonging to the class of Kamakaras and dasas were not allowed to participate. However women were allowed to actively participate and rose to prominent positions. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. The assemblies of the Vajji kingdom were not open to all sections of the society. Certain groups, like the Kamakaras and dasas, were excluded from these assemblies. However, women were allowed to participate and held important positions in the society.

Q16: Assertion(A): The rajas of Mahajanpadas tried to conquer Sanghas of Vajji but were unsuccessful for a very long time.
Reason(R): This was because the Sanghas were a tightly knit group of people who worked together with the sole goal of betterment of their kingdom.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: a
Assertion(A): The rajas of Mahajanpadas tried to conquer Sanghas of Vajji but were unsuccessful for a very long time. Reason(R): This was because the Sanghas were a tightly knit group of people who worked together with the sole goal of betterment of their kingdom. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. The Sanghas or republics, like the Vajji, were not easy to conquer because of their strong unity and democratic governance. The efforts of the rajas of Mahajanpadas to conquer these Sanghas were not successful for a long time.

Q17: Assertion(A): There was a mixed reaction to the Varna system in the Mahajanapadas.
Reason(R): This was because some kings thought they were superior to the priest and others felt that birth should not be the basis of deciding which varna people belonged to.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: a
Assertion(A): There was a mixed reaction to the Varna system in the Mahajanapadas. Reason(R): This was because some kings thought they were superior to the priest and others felt that birth should not be the basis of deciding which varna people belonged to. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. The Varna system, which was based on birth, was not accepted uniformly across the Mahajanapadas. Some kings challenged the superiority of the Brahmanas (priests), while others questioned the basis of the system itself.

Q18: Assertion(A): There were a number of settlements in Janapadas which were excavated by the archaeologists.
Reason(R): Some of these sites were Purana Qila in Delhi, Hastinapur near Meerut and Atranjikhera near Etah.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: a
Assertion(A): There were a number of settlements in Janapadas which were excavated by the archaeologists. Reason(R): Some of these sites were Purana Qila in Delhi, Hastinapur near Meerut and Atranjikhera near Etah. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. Many archaeological excavations have been carried out in various Janapadas. Some of the important sites include Purana Qila in Delhi, Hastinapur near Meerut, and Atranjikhera near Etah. These excavations have provided valuable insights into the life and culture of the people of Janapadas.

Q19: Assertion(A): Capitals were being shifted in the Mahajanapadas to exude better control over the administrative affairs.
Reason(R) The prime example of it was the transfer of capital from Rajagriha to Pataliputra of the kingdom of Magadha.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: b
Assertion(A): Capitals were being shifted in the Mahajanapadas to exude better control over the administrative affairs. Reason(R) The prime example of it was the transfer of capital from Rajagriha to Pataliputra of the kingdom of Magadha. Both the assertion and the reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. The reason for the shift of capitals in the Mahajanapadas was not just for better administrative control, but also for strategic reasons. The shift of the capital from Rajagriha to Pataliputra by the rulers of Magadha was mainly due to the strategic location of Pataliputra at the confluence of the rivers Ganga and Son.

Q20: Assertion(A): Religious leaders like Buddha and Mahavira belonged to Ganas or Sanghas.
Reason(R): This is verified by the vivid descriptions of Sanghas found in Buddhist and Jain texts.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans: a
Assertion(A): Religious leaders like Buddha and Mahavira belonged to Ganas or Sanghas. Reason(R): This is verified by the vivid descriptions of Sanghas found in Buddhist and Jain texts. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. Buddha and Mahavira indeed belonged to Ganas or Sanghas, which were democratic assemblies or republics. The Buddhist and Jain texts provide detailed descriptions of these Sanghas, confirming the association of these religious leaders with the Sanghas.