Textbook Solutions: The Flowering of Regional Cultures | Window on the Word Class 7: Solutions, Notes & Worksheets PDF Download

Exercise

1.
Ans: (b)
Upon the arrival of the Turks, this became the court language in north India is Persian

2.
Ans: (a)
He was one of the most famous painters of Humayun's court is Mir Sayyid Ali

3.
Ans: (c)
Sattriya is a form of dance that originated in Assam

4.
Ans: (d)
Shreekrishna Kirtana was written by Chandidas

B. Fill in the blanks

1. 
Ans: Malik Muhammad Jayasi's poem Padmavat was written in Awadhi.

2.
Ans: Bengali was a mixture of Persian, Arabic and Hindi.

3.
Ans: The sarangi and the rabab were two musical instruments from the Middle East that were introduced in India.

4.
Ans: Kathakali and Mohiniyattam are the two forms of classical dance that originated in Kerala.

5.
Ans: In medieval India, the three main schools of Kathak developed at Lucknow, Jaipur and Benares.

C. Answer in one or two sentences.

1.
Ans: The Bhakti movement aided the development of regional languages by encouraging Bhakti saints to preach in local languages, thus facilitating their growth and development.

2.
Ans: The two important literary works written during the medieval period that reflect Rajput valour and sacrifice are Chand Bardai's Prithviraj Raso and Malik Muhammad Jayasi's Padmavat.

3.
Ans: Marathi came to be used in the courts of some Deccan sultanates during the medieval period.

4.
Ans: Miniature artists of the medieval period derived the colours for their paintings from natural sources such as minerals, vegetable dyes, conch shells, gold, and silver.

5.
Ans: The two renowned Muslim poets of medieval Bengal were Daulat Qazi and Syed Alaol.

D. Answer in a paragraph.

1.
Ans: Manipravalam and Pacha Malayalam evolved in Kerala during the medieval period as a result of the efforts of the namboodiris (Brahmins in Kerala). The namboodiris developed Manipravalam in the 10th century to make Malayalam more distinct from Tamil. It used words from both Malayalam and Sanskrit and all early literary works in Kerala were written in it. By the 15th century, efforts were made to revert back to the pure form of Malayalam, known as Pacha Malayalam. The epic translations of Ezhuthachan in simple Malayalam made these works accessible to the common man for the first time and gave Malayalam literature a distinct regional flavour.

2.
Ans: The Kangra and Deccani schools of miniature painting were two prominent regional schools that evolved during the medieval era. The Kangra school, known for its vibrant colours and delicate brushwork, mainly depicted themes from Hindu mythology, particularly the romantic escapades of Radha and Krishna. On the other hand, the Deccani school, which flourished under the patronage of the Deccan sultanates, combined both Persian and Indian elements in its art. These miniatures were known for their use of bold and unusual colours, exaggerated features and a distinctive treatment of nature.

3.
Ans: Kathak is a classical dance form that originated in north India during the medieval period. It derives its name from the Sanskrit word 'katha', meaning stories. Traveling bards, known as kathakas, used to narrate stories with music and hand gestures. With the spread of the Bhakti movement, Kathak evolved to include dance steps and was used to tell stories of Krishna. Under the Mughal rulers, Kathak became a court dance and eventually three distinct schools of Kathak emerged at Lucknow, Jaipur and Benares.

4.
Ans: The religious architecture of medieval Bengal is known for its distinctive style, characterized by the use of burnt bricks and terracotta as building materials. The interiors of these temples were usually simple, but the outer walls were well-decorated with paintings, ornamental tiles, or terracotta tablets. Examples of such architecture can be seen in Bishnupur in West Bengal's Bankura district, which houses well-known temples of this period such as the Jor Bangla Temple and Rasmancha. Many mosques were also built during this period, the largest being the Adina Masjid in Pandua.