Very Short Answer Type Questions
Q1: What is the term for a change in the position of any object?
Ans: Movement.
Q2: Define locomotion.
Ans: Locomotion is movement resulting in a change of position of the whole organism.
Q3: Give an example of a fixed or immovable joint.
Ans: Joints in the skull bone (cranium).
Q4: What are the two types of movable joints?
Ans: Freely movable joints and partially movable joints.
Q5: Name the joint that allows movement in all directions, like the shoulder joint.
Ans: Ball and socket joint.
Q6: Which type of joint allows up and down, side to side movements, like the joint between the skull and vertebral column?
Ans: Pivot joint.
Q7: Explain the movement allowed by a hinge joint.
Ans: A hinge joint allows movement only in one plane and up to 180 degrees.
Q8: What type of joint allows the sliding of bones over one another?
Ans: Gliding joint.
Q9: What is the framework of bones and cartilage called that supports the body?
Ans: Skeleton.
Q10: How many bones make up the human skeleton?
Ans: 206 bones.
Short Answer Type Questions
Q11: Differentiate between fixed joints and movable joints.
Ans: Fixed joints do not allow any movement, while movable joints permit various types of movements. For example, the joints in the skull are fixed, while the shoulder joint is a movable joint.
Q12: Explain the structure and functions of the rib cage.
Ans: The rib cage is a cone-shaped bony structure formed by ribs. It protects the lungs and heart. There are 12 pairs of ribs attached to the vertebral column.
Q13: Describe the structure of the vertebral column and its function.
Ans: The vertebral column consists of 33 small rings called vertebrae, joined from end to end. It provides support to the body and protects the spinal cord.
Q14: What is the function of the shoulder bone or pectoral girdle?
Ans: The shoulder bone, formed by the collar bone and shoulder blade, is attached to the upper part of the rib cage and the upper arm bone. It provides support and mobility to the arms.
Q15: Explain how an earthworm moves and the role of bristles in locomotion.
Ans: An earthworm moves by contracting and expanding alternate portions of its body. Bristles on the ventral surface help it hold the ground during movement. When the anterior part contracts, it holds the ground, and the posterior part is dragged forward.
Long Answer Type Questions
Q16: Describe the types of joints in the human body and provide examples of each.
Ans: There are three types of joints: fixed joints (e.g., in the skull), movable joints (divided into freely movable and partially movable joints), and ball and socket joints (e.g., shoulder joint). Fixed joints do not allow any movement, while movable joints permit various types of movements.
Q17: Discuss the functions of the human skeleton and the importance of cartilage.
Ans: The skeleton provides support and shape to the body. It protects vital organs like the heart and lungs. Cartilage reduces friction between joints. It acts as a cushion and allows smooth movement between bones.
Q18: Explain the different methods of locomotion in animals, such as earthworms, snails, cockroaches, and birds.
Ans: Earthworms move by contracting and expanding their body segments. Snails have a muscular foot that helps them crawl. Cockroaches use their six legs for walking and running. Birds have wings and strong muscles that allow them to fly.
Q19: How do snakes move, and what anatomical features allow them to do so?
Ans: Snakes move by slithering, using their body muscles and scales. Their long, flexible vertebral column and lack of limbs enable them to move in a wave-like motion.
Q20: Discuss the methods of locomotion in fish and the adaptations that enable them to swim.
Ans: Fish swim by moving their body and fins in a side-to-side motion. The streamlined shape of their body reduces friction in water. Fins provide stability and control during swimming.
