Worksheet Solutions: India's External Relations | Political Science Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Fill in the Blanks

Q1: India's foreign policy aimed at upholding peace and security through _____________ of all countries.
Ans: respect for the sovereignty
 India's foreign policy focused on maintaining global peace and security by recognizing and respecting the independence and sovereignty of all nations.

Q2: The first summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was held in ____________ in September 1961.
Ans: Belgrade
The inaugural meeting of NAM, a group of countries not aligned with any major power bloc, took place in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, in 1961, shaping the movement's early objectives.

Q3: The Paonchsheel Agreement outlined the "five principles of peaceful coexistence" between India and ____________.
Ans: China
The Panchsheel Agreement established the five principles of peaceful coexistence, emphasizing mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, fostering peaceful relations between India and China.

Q4: The India-Pakistan Indus Waters Treaty was signed in ____________.
Ans: 1960
The Indus Waters Treaty, inked in 1960, governs the sharing of the waters of the Indus River system between India and Pakistan, ensuring cooperation on water resources.

Q5: India conducted its first nuclear explosion in ____________.
Ans: May 1974
India demonstrated its nuclear capabilities for the first time in May 1974 through a series of nuclear tests, marking a significant development in its military technology.

Q6: The Bandung Conference, where NAM was founded, took place in the city of ____________ in 1955.
Ans: Bandung
The Bandung Conference, held in Bandung, Indonesia, in 1955, laid the foundation for the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) by uniting newly independent nations to promote cooperation and independence during the Cold War.

Q7: The Shimla Agreement was signed between India and ____________ in 1972.
Ans: Pakistan
The Shimla Agreement, signed in 1972 between India and Pakistan, aimed to normalize relations after the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war, focusing on peaceful coexistence and bilateral conflict resolution.

Match the Column

Q1:

Ans: 1. Bandung Conference - B. Indonesia
The Bandung Conference was held in Indonesia in 1955. It brought together newly independent nations from Asia and Africa to discuss issues of common interest and laid the foundation for the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).
2. Paonchsheel Agreement - A. Five principles of peaceful coexistence
The Paonchsheel Agreement, signed by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai and Indian Prime Minister Nehru in 1954, outlined the "five principles of peaceful coexistence." These principles were designed to govern relations between India and China and emphasize peaceful coexistence.
3. India-Pakistan Indus Waters Treaty - F. Pakistan
The India-Pakistan Indus Waters Treaty, signed in 1960, pertains to the sharing of the waters of the Indus River and its tributaries between India and Pakistan. It was an important agreement between these two countries.
4. First NAM Summit - D. Non-Aligned Movement
The first summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was held in Belgrade in 1961. NAM is a movement of countries that chose not to align with either the United States or the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
5. NAM's founding principles - E. 1955
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was founded based on principles of non-alignment, peaceful coexistence, and opposition to the dominance of superpower blocs. These principles were established during the Bandung Conference in 1955.
6. Shimla Agreement - C. 1972
The Shimla Agreement was signed between India and Pakistan in 1972. This agreement aimed to normalize relations between the two countries after the 1971 war. It established principles for peaceful coexistence and resolving conflicts through bilateral negotiations.

Assertion and Reason Based

Q1: Assertion: India refused to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968.
Reason: India considered NPT as discriminatory.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Ans: (a)
India refused to sign the NPT because it was considered discriminatory, allowing the five permanent members of the UN Security Council to maintain nuclear weapons while preventing others from acquiring them.

Q2: Assertion: The Bandung Conference in 1955 laid the foundation for the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).
Reason: NAM was formed to counter the dominance of the superpower blocs led by the US and USSR.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Ans: (a)
The Bandung Conference laid the foundation for the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) by bringing together newly independent nations from Asia and Africa. NAM was indeed formed to counter the dominance of the superpower blocs led by the US and USSR.

Q3: Assertion: The Shimla Agreement in 1972 resolved all the issues between India and Pakistan permanently.
Reason: The Shimla Agreement led to peaceful coexistence and normalized relations between the two countries.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Ans: (b)
While the Shimla Agreement aimed to normalize relations between India and Pakistan, it did not resolve all issues permanently. Peaceful coexistence was a goal, but the agreement did not guarantee the permanent resolution of all conflicts between the two countries.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: Who was in charge of India's foreign policy from 1946 to 1964?
Ans: Jawaharlal Nehru

Q2: When was the Bandung Conference held?
Ans: 1955

Q3: Name one of the territories over which China has territorial claims in India.
Ans: Askai-Chin area in Ladakh

Q4: Which Indian leader gave asylum to the Dalai Lama in 1959?
Ans: Jawaharlal Nehru

Q5: Who signed the Shimla Agreement on behalf of Pakistan in 1972?
Ans: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Q6: What did the Paonchsheel Agreement outline?
Ans: "Five principles of peaceful coexistence"

Q7: Which Indian state faced armed attacks by Pakistan in 1965?
Ans: Jammu and Kashmir

Q8: Which country hosted the first NAM summit in 1961?
Ans: Belgrade, Yugoslavia

Q9: Who signed the India-Pakistan Indus Waters Treaty in 1960?
Ans: Jawaharlal Nehru and General Ayub Khan

Q10: Why did India conduct nuclear tests in 1998?
Ans: To demonstrate its capacity to use nuclear energy for military purposes

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: Describe India's foreign policy goals after independence.
Ans:

• India aimed to uphold peace and security by respecting the sovereignty of all nations.
• India pursued rapid economic development and preserved its hard-won sovereignty.

Q2: How did India handle its relations with the US and the USSR during the Cold War era?
Ans:

• India pursued a non-aligned foreign policy, staying out of military alliances led by the superpowers.
• India maintained an independent stance, receiving aid and assistance from both power blocs.

Q3: Explain the significance of the Bandung Conference in 1955.
Ans:

• The Bandung Conference laid the foundation for the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).
• It brought together newly independent nations from Asia and Africa, fostering solidarity against colonialism and racism.

Q4: What were the consequences of the Sino-Indian conflict in 1962?
Ans:

• The war damaged India's image domestically and internationally.
• Irreconcilable divides within the Communist Party of India emerged, leading to political shifts.

Q5: Detail the events leading to the India-Pakistan conflict in 1971.
Ans:

• Political tensions in East Pakistan led to a massive influx of refugees into India in 1971.
• Diplomatic efforts failed, resulting in a full-scale war between India and Pakistan in December 1971.

Q6: Explain India's stance on the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
Ans:

• India considered the NPT discriminatory and refused to sign it.
• India conducted nuclear tests in 1998, demonstrating its military nuclear capabilities.

Q7: What were the main principles outlined in the Paonchsheel Agreement of 1954?
Ans:

• The Paonchsheel Agreement outlined the "five principles of peaceful coexistence" between India and China.
• These principles included mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty.

Q8: How did the Shimla Agreement in 1972 impact India-Pakistan relations?
Ans:

• The Shimla Agreement in 1972 aimed to normalize relations between India and Pakistan after the 1971 war.
• Both countries agreed to settle their differences through bilateral negotiations and maintain peaceful coexistence.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1: Explain India's Policy of Non-Alignment during the Cold War era.
Ans: India's Policy of Non-Alignment, spearheaded by Jawaharlal Nehru, aimed to maintain independence and avoid aligning with any superpower bloc. India refrained from military alliances, focusing on preserving sovereignty and promoting rapid economic development. This strategy allowed India to receive aid from both the US and the USSR, maintaining flexibility in international relations.

Q2: Discuss the Impact of the Sino-Indian Conflict in 1962 on India's Foreign Relations.
Ans: The 1962 Sino-Indian conflict damaged India's reputation domestically and globally. India faced internal political divisions, especially within the Communist Party of India. The conflict strained India's relations with both superpowers, leading to shifts in alliances and a closer relationship with the USSR.

Q3: Describe the Factors Leading to the India-Pakistan Conflict in 1971 and Its Aftermath.
Ans: Political tensions in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) led to a massive refugee crisis in India in 1971. Diplomatic efforts failed, leading to a full-scale war between India and Pakistan in December 1971. The conflict resulted in the creation of Bangladesh and strained India-Pakistan relations, although the Shimla Agreement in 1972 aimed to normalize ties.

Q4: Evaluate India's Nuclear Policy and Its Stance on the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
Ans: India initiated its nuclear program in the late 1940s, focusing on peaceful uses of atomic energy under Homi J. Bhabha. Despite global pressure, India refused to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), considering it discriminatory. India conducted nuclear tests in 1974 and 1998, demonstrating its military nuclear capabilities. India's nuclear policy emphasized self-reliance and a commitment to a "no first use" doctrine, promoting global disarmament and peaceful use of nuclear energy.