Worksheet Solutions: Peace | Political Science for Grade 11 PDF Download

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Q1: Friedrich Nietzsche glorified conflict because he believed that only __________ could facilitate the growth of civilization.
Ans: conflict
Nietzsche believed that conflict and competition between individuals and nations were necessary for progress and the evolution of civilization. He didn't value peace because he thought it might lead to stagnation.

Q2: Peace is often defined as the absence of __________.
Ans: war
Peace is commonly defined as the state in which there is no war or armed conflict between nations. The absence of war is a fundamental aspect of peace.

Q3: __________ violence may produce large-scale evil consequences by reinforcing inequalities.
Ans: Structural
Structural violence refers to the harm caused by societal institutions and practices that reinforce entrenched inequalities of caste, class, and gender. This type of violence is not physical but is deeply rooted in the structures of society, leading to significant negative consequences.

Q4: The traditional caste system treated certain groups as __________.
Ans: untouchable
The traditional caste system in India considered certain groups as "untouchable," leading to their social exclusion and discrimination. This system was officially prohibited by the Constitution of independent India, but it still persists in various forms in the country.

Q5: __________ entails systematic subordination and discrimination against women.
Ans: Patriarchy
Patriarchy is a social system in which men hold primary power, and it often results in the systematic subordination and discrimination against women. The text points out various manifestations of patriarchy, such as selective abortion of female fetuses and child marriage.

Q6: Apartheid was a policy followed in __________.
Ans: South Africa
Apartheid was a policy of racial segregation and discrimination followed in South Africa. It treated the Black population, which was the majority, as second-class citizens, resulting in significant racial inequality and injustice.

Q7: Racism and communalism involve the stigmatization and oppression of an entire __________.
Ans: racial group or community
Racism and communalism both relate to the stigmatization and oppression of entire racial or communal groups. These practices discriminate against individuals based on their race or community and lead to systemic inequalities and conflicts.

Q8: The division of the world into separate sovereign states can be an impediment to the pursuit of __________.
Ans: peace
The text suggests that the existence of separate sovereign states can sometimes hinder the pursuit of peace. This is because each state may prioritize its own interests and sovereignty, potentially leading to conflicts and a lack of cooperation between nations.

Q9: The first approach to the pursuit of peace accords centrality to __________.
Ans: states
The text points out that the rise of terrorism can be linked to the actions of aggressive states. Terrorist groups often emerge in response to perceived oppression, aggression, or misconduct by states, which can contribute to their growth and activities.

Q10: The rise of terrorism is partly a response to the self-serving and ham-handed conduct of __________ states.
Ans: aggressive
The disintegration of the USSR in 1991 marked the end of the Cold War era and reduced the military rivalry, particularly in terms of nuclear weapons, between superpowers like the USA and the USSR. This had a significant impact on international security.

Assertion and Reason Based

Q1: Assertion: Peace is often defined as the absence of war.
Reason: War is usually equated with armed conflict between countries.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Ans: (a)
Peace is indeed often defined as the absence of war because war is commonly associated with armed conflict between countries.

Q2: Assertion: Structural violence may produce large-scale evil consequences.
Reason: Social institutions and practices can reinforce entrenched inequalities.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Ans: (a)
Structural violence, as mentioned in the text, is rooted in social structures and can produce large-scale evil consequences. This happens because social institutions and practices that reinforce entrenched inequalities perpetuate harm.

Q3: Assertion: Peace and the State are closely linked to the safeguarding of democracy and human rights.
Reason: States tend to protect their own perceived self-interest.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Ans: (a)
Peace and the State are closely linked to the safeguarding of democracy and human rights because states are expected to protect their citizens and their interests, but they can also use force against their own members to suppress dissent.

Q4: Assertion: The second approach to the pursuit of peace emphasizes the growing social and economic cooperation among nations.
Reason: It grants the deep-rooted nature of inter-state rivalry.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Ans: (b)
While the second approach does emphasize the growing social and economic cooperation among nations, it doesn't directly relate to the deep-rooted nature of inter-state rivalry mentioned in the Reason. It acknowledges inter-state rivalry but focuses on interdependence and cooperation.

Q5: Assertion: Violence can sometimes be a necessary prelude to bringing about peace.
Reason: Pacifists advocate the mobilization of love and truth to win the hearts and minds of oppressors.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Ans: (d)
The text mentions that some argue that violence can be a necessary prelude to bringing about peace, but pacifists advocate non-violent methods to win the hearts and minds of oppressors, such as the mobilization of love and truth. The two statements are in contrast, and the Reason explains why the Assertion is false.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: Provide one manifestation of patriarchy mentioned in the text.
Ans: Selective abortion of female foetuses.

Q2: What was the Cuban Missile Crisis, and when did it occur?
Ans: The Cuban Missile Crisis was a dark episode in military competition between the USA and USSR, occurring in October 1962.

Q3: Define "structural violence."
Ans: Structural violence is violence rooted in social structures.

Q4: Name one social institution mentioned in the text that can reinforce entrenched inequalities.
Ans: Caste system.

Q5: What does the term "apartheid" refer to?
Ans: A policy in South Africa treating Black people as second-class citizens.

Q6: Name a form of non-violent resistance mentioned in the text.
Ans: Civil disobedience.

Q7: According to the text, what is the long-term solution to problems related to the state?
Ans: Making the state more accountable through meaningful democratization.

Q8: What is the main concern of the first approach to the pursuit of peace?
Ans: Proper management of inter-state competition.

Q9: Why does the rise of terrorism partially result from the conduct of aggressive states?
Ans: Terrorism is a response to the self-serving and ham-handed conduct of aggressive states.

Q10: What major event in 1991 removed a major threat to international security?
Ans: The disintegration of the USSR.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: Explain why peace is often defined as the absence of war.
Ans: Peace is often defined as the absence of war because war is commonly equated with armed conflict between countries.

Q2: Describe two manifestations of patriarchy mentioned in the text.
Ans: Two manifestations of patriarchy mentioned are selective abortion of female foetuses and child marriage.

Q3: Discuss the role of the state in safeguarding peace and democracy.
Ans: The state can safeguard peace and democracy by being accountable through democratization and protecting civil liberties.

Q4: What are the three different approaches to the pursuit of peace, as mentioned in the text?
Ans: The three different approaches to peace are centered around states, emphasize interdependence, and envision a supra-national order.

Q5: Explain how structural violence is related to social structures.
Ans: Structural violence is related to social structures because social institutions and practices that reinforce inequalities can cause large-scale consequences.

Q6: Why do some argue that violence can be a necessary prelude to bringing about peace?
Ans: Some argue that violence can be a necessary prelude to bringing about peace because it may be seen as a way to forcibly remove tyrants and oppressors.

Q7: How does the second approach to peace emphasize interdependence among nations?
Ans: The second approach emphasizes interdependence among nations by stressing the positive presence and possibilities of social and economic cooperation.

Q8: What are the contemporary challenges to achieving peace, as highlighted in the text?
Ans: Contemporary challenges to achieving peace include the dominance of powerful states, the rise of terrorism, and the failure to curb the actions of domineering powers and terrorists.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1: Discuss the concept of "structural violence" and provide examples of how it can produce large-scale consequences.
Ans: Structural Violence: Structural violence is a concept that refers to the violence rooted in social structures. It is not limited to physical violence but encompasses various forms of harm caused by societal institutions and practices that reinforce entrenched inequalities of caste, class, and gender. For example, the traditional caste system in India treated certain groups as untouchable, and even though it was outlawed, it still exists in various forms. This structural violence produces large-scale consequences by perpetuating discrimination and suffering, limiting opportunities, and maintaining social hierarchies.

Q2: Explain the different approaches to the pursuit of peace as mentioned in the text and their implications.
Ans: Different Approaches to Pursuit of Peace: The text outlines three different approaches to the pursuit of peace. The first approach centers around states and the management of inter-state competition, focusing on concepts like the balance of power. The second approach recognizes inter-state rivalry but emphasizes the positive presence and possibilities of interdependence, highlighting growing social and economic cooperation among nations. The third approach envisions a supra-national order and the fostering of a global community as the surest guarantee of peace. These approaches have implications for how peace is understood and pursued. The first approach accepts the state-centric system, the second recognizes the need for cooperation, and the third calls for a transition beyond state sovereignty towards a global community.

Q3: Can violence ever promote peace? Provide arguments from both sides and your perspective on the matter.
Ans: Can Violence Promote Peace: The question of whether violence can ever promote peace is a contentious one. On one hand, some argue that violence, though inherently evil, can be a necessary prelude to peace. This argument suggests that tyrants and oppressors can only be stopped from harming the populace through the use of force. On the other hand, pacifists, who consider peace a supreme value, take a moral stand against the use of violence even for just ends. They advocate the mobilization of love and truth to win the hearts and minds of oppressors. Non-violent forms of resistance, such as civil disobedience, have been used successfully in various historical instances, like Gandhi's satyagraha during the Indian Freedom Movement and Martin Luther King's battle against racial discrimination in the USA. Ultimately, the potential of militant but non-violent resistance suggests that violence is not the only means to attain peace.

Q4: Analyze the challenges that the United Nations (U.N.O.) faces in preventing and eliminating threats to peace. What are the factors contributing to these challenges, and what could be done to address them?
Ans: Challenges Faced by the United Nations (U.N.O.): The United Nations has faced several challenges in preventing and eliminating threats to peace. Dominant states have often asserted their sovereignty and sought to shape regional power structures and the international system according to their own interests. The rise of terrorism is partly a response to the actions of aggressive states. The global community has struggled to curb the ambitions of dominant powers and the guerrilla tactics of terrorists. While the disintegration of the USSR removed a major threat to international security, new challenges have emerged. To address these challenges, the U.N.O. needs to strengthen its ability to enforce international law, promote diplomacy, and engage in conflict resolution. It must also work towards greater cooperation among member states and address the root causes of conflicts, including inequality, poverty, and political grievances.