Textbook Solutions: Pollution and Conservation of the Environment | Be an Explorer 5: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets - Class 5 PDF Download

Quick Zone 

A. Tick (✔) the correct option to complete the sentence.

1. Smog is the result of __________ pollution.
(a) air
(b) water
(c) noise
(d) land
Ans: (a)
Smog is a type of air pollution, caused by the presence of pollutants in the air.

2. Excessive use of __________ spoils the quality of the soil.
(a) air
(b) natural manure
(c) chemical fertilizers
(d) trees
Ans: (c)
Chemical fertilizers, when used excessively, can harm the quality of the soil.

3. Loudspeakers and honking cause __________ pollution.
(a) water
(b) air
(c) land
(d) noise
Ans: (d)
Loudspeakers and honking contribute to noise pollution.

4. __________ is a water pollutant.
(a) Burning of fire crackers
(b) Oil spill
(c) E-wastes
(d) None of these
Ans: (b)
Oil spills can contaminate water bodies and cause water pollution.

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. The harmful substances that cause pollution are called __________.
Ans: pollutants
Pollutants are substances that make the environment impure or harmful.

2. __________ warming is one of the major effects of air pollution.
Ans: Global
Global warming is caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

3. __________ is any material that is not needed and has been discarded.
Ans: Waste
Waste refers to materials that are no longer useful and are thrown away.

4. __________ is a natural and safest waste disposal method.
Ans: Composting
Composting involves the natural decomposition of biodegradable waste, turning it into fertilizer.

5. We should not __________ our natural resources.
Ans: misuse
Misusing natural resources can lead to depletion and environmental problems.

C. Write (T) for true statements and (F) for false statements.

1. Human activities are adding harmful substances to the environment.
Ans: True
Human activities, such as industrial processes and waste disposal, contribute to environmental pollution.

2. Husks and straw are commercial wastes.
Ans: False
Husks and straw are examples of agricultural wastes, not commercial wastes.

3. Plastic is a biodegradable product.
Ans: False
Plastic is a non-biodegradable material; it does not easily decompose.

4. Improper disposal of waste causes health problems.
Ans: True
Poor waste disposal can lead to the spread of diseases and other health problems.

D. Match the columns A and B.

Ans:

Writing Zone

Answer the following questions.

1. What is pollution? Name its different types.
Ans: Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances into the environment, causing a negative impact on living organisms and ecosystems. Different types of pollution include air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, and noise pollution.

2. What are the major causes of noise and land pollution?
Ans: The major causes of noise pollution include loudspeakers, honking, industrial activities, and firecrackers. Land pollution is caused by improper disposal of waste, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, and activities like deforestation.

3. Write three major effects of air and water pollution.
Ans: Air Pollution Effects:

• Respiratory Issues: Air pollution can lead to respiratory problems such as asthma and bronchitis.
• Eye Irritation: Pollutants in the air can cause irritation to the eyes.
• Global Warming: Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming, impacting the Earth's climate.

Water Pollution Effects:

• Spread of Diseases: Water pollution can lead to waterborne diseases like typhoid and dysentery.
• Harm to Marine Life: Pollutants in water bodies harm marine animals and disrupt aquatic ecosystems.
• Unfit for Consumption: Contaminated water becomes unfit for cooking and drinking, affecting human health.

4. What are the different sources of waste? Give examples.
Ans: Different sources of waste include domestic wastes (e.g., food scraps, plastic), industrial wastes (e.g., chemicals, metals), commercial wastes (e.g., plastic bottles, food wastes), agricultural wastes (e.g., husks, straw), and biomedical wastes (e.g., hospital wastes).

5. Why is there a need for waste management?
Ans: Waste management is necessary to handle the large variety of wastes generated in daily activities. Improper disposal can lead to environmental pollution, health problems, and the depletion of natural resources. Waste management ensures proper collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of waste materials.

6. List some methods of disposing waste.
Ans:

• Landfill: Dumping wastes in deep ditches dug in the ground and covering them with soil.
• Burning/Incineration: Collecting and burning waste at high temperatures in furnaces or incinerators.
• Dumping: Discarding waste materials in open areas away from residential areas.
• Composting: Decomposing biodegradable waste in pits to produce fertilizer.

7. What do you understand by the three Rs?
Ans: The three Rs stand for Reduce, Recycle, and Reuse. These principles promote an environmentally friendly lifestyle. Reduce encourages acquiring and using only what is necessary, Recycle involves processing waste materials to create new products, and Reuse encourages finding alternative uses for items instead of discarding them. These practices contribute to the conservation of resources and the protection of the environment.