Chapter Notes: Nobel Laureates from India

Introduction to Nobel Prize

• International award given annually to individuals contributing significantly to humanity.
• Named after Alfred Nobel, a Swedish scientist who invented dynamite.
• Categories: Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Peace, and Literature.

Rabindranath Tagore - First Indian Nobel Laureate (1913)

• Awarded Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913.
• Book: 'Gitanjali Song Offerings.'
• First Asian to win the Nobel Prize.

Dr. C. V. Raman - Nobel Laureate in Physics (1930)

• Recognized for discovering the Raman Effect.
• Impact: Used globally in laboratories for disease detection, including cancer.

Mother Teresa - Nobel Peace Prize (1979)

• Acknowledged for humanitarian work.
• Established Missionaries of Charity, aiding the needy and sick.
• Founded orphanage (Nirmal Hriday) and home for leprosy patients in Calcutta.

Dr. Amartya Sen - Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1998)

• Awarded for work in welfare economics.
• Focus: Identifying measures for the welfare of all people in a community.

Kailash Satyarthi - Nobel Peace Prize (2014)

• Founder of Bachpan Bachao Andolan, Global March Against Child Labour.
• Recognized for efforts to rescue children from child labor, slavery, and exploitation.

Nobel Laureates of Indian Origin

• Dr. Hargobind Khurana: Nobel Prize in Medicine.
• Subramanyan Chandrashekhar: Work on the structure and evolution of stars.
• Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (2009): Studied the structure and function of ribosomes.

Dr. Ronald Ross - Nobel Laureate of British Origin

• Made significant malaria discovery in India.
• Identified female anopheles mosquito as the carrier of the malaria parasite.
• Conducted research in India.

Interesting Fact

• Nobel Prizes announced on December 10, marking Alfred Nobel's death anniversary.
• Jean-Paul Sartre (1964 Nobel Prize in Literature) refused the award, rejecting official honors.

Conclusion

The contributions of these Nobel Laureates from India have had a profound impact on literature, science, peace, and humanitarian efforts, showcasing India's global influence and excellence.