Uttar Pradesh : Animal Husbandry | Course for UPPSC Preparation - UPPSC (UP) PDF Download

Uttar Pradesh is an agricultural state which has vast resource of livestock and poultry. It plays a vital role in improving the socio-economic conditions of rural masses. Around 59.3% population of the state depends on agriculture and allied activities. These allied activities consist of animal husbandry i.e. poultry farming, dairy farming, fisheries, etc.

Livestock in Uttar Pradesh

• The state has the highest animal stock in India. According to the 20th Livestock Census, 2019 the population of livestock in the state 67.8 million which is 12.65% of total population of livestock in the country.
• Livestock of Uttar Pradesh consist of cattle like buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs, poultry, etc. Out of the total population of livestock in the state (2019), buffaloes accounted for 48.7% followed by cattle (27.8%), goats (21.35%) and sheep (1.5%). Uttar Pradesh has the highest buffalo population in the country.
• The state has veterinary poly-clinics at Lucknow, Muzaffarnagar, Gorakhpur, Baraut (Baghpat) and Sefai (Etawah) and Badalpur. With the assistance of the Central Government (75%), intensive vaccination campaign is in progress in different districts of Uttar Pradesh for various veterinary diseases like Galghotu, Khurpaka, Muhpaka, etc. These vaccines are produced at the Pashu Jaivik Aaushadhi Sansthan, Lucknow.
• In order to stop cow slaughtering in the state, Cow Slaughter Prevention Act, 1955 came into force in 1955. In order to promote cattle rearing in the state, ‘Goseva Aayog’ was set up in the year 1999.
• In order to provide sufficient fodder to livestock, an Animal Fodder Bank has been set up at Bharari, Jhansi in Bundelkhand region in the state with the assistance of the Central Government.
• To improve sheep and goats breed, the state has established 17 Sheep Fields, 180 Sheep Exertion Centres, 5 Ram Centres, 1 Intensive Sheep Development Project and 6 Goats Reproduction Fields.

Dairy Development in Uttar Pradesh

• Dairy development programmes have a glorious history in the field of cooperative. The establishment of the ‘Katra Cooperative Milk Society’, Allahabad in 1917, was the first emergence of cooperatives in the milk trade not only in the state but also in the country itself. In the year 1938, India’s first milk union ‘Lucknow Milk Producers Cooperative Union Limited’ was set-up in Lucknow. There are 59 Milk Union functioning in the state.
• The Pradeshik Cooperative Dairy Federation Limited was set-up as a technical consultancy firm in 1962 to accelerate the progress of dairy development in the state. Uttar Pradesh Government has passed the Uttar Pradesh Milk Act, 1976 to draw the attention on the expansion of dairy development.
• In 1970-71, the State Government implemented ‘Operation Flood in the state. In 1973, this programme was started in three districts of Uttar Pradesh namely, Varanasi, Meerut and Ballia. Later 30 districts were included in Operation Flood-II (1982-83) and III (1989-1997).
• In the year of 1976, Uttar Pradesh Dairy Development Department and UP State Milk Council were set up as a separate department and the post of Milk Commissioner was created. In 1992, Milk unions were set up in the rest of the districts. Since 2012-13 ‘Intensive Mini Dairy Scheme’ is operating in 55 districts of the state.

Schemes and Institutions Related to Dairy Development in Uttar Pradesh

• Pradeshik Cooperative Dairy Federation (PCDF) 
  It was set up in 1962 by the State Government of Uttar Pradesh. The aim of this federation is to set up Village Dairy Cooperative Societies to collect milk directly from producers. Through these societies, processing, distribution and marketing of milk are done to make these dairy cooperatives self-sustainable, create transparency in milk price payment to farmers and work for the social and economic upliftment of rural population. Noida Dairy (Noida Dairy Project) comes under this federation which supplies milk to Delhi region.
• Assistance to milk Co-operatives 
  It is the scheme of Government of India which was started in 1963. In this scheme, economically weak Milk Union are getting funds from the Central and State Governments, which are working on a 50 : 50 share. The scheme covers the Milk Unions of Aligarh, Saharanpur, Bulandshahr, Muzaffarnagar and Agra districts.
• State Milk Council 
  This council was set up in 1976. The main function of this council is to provide and implement license, area reservation, set milk pricing and productive exchange, etc. The other functions of this council is to set up Village Dairy Cooperative societies, production, collection, processing and marketing of milk in the state.
• Intensive Dairy Development Programme (IDDP) 
  This scheme was started in 1993-94 in the name as ‘Integrated Dairy Development Project’ which was modified in March, 2005 and named as Intensive Dairy Development Programme (IDDP). This is a 100% centrally sponsored scheme which operated in non-operation flood, hilly and backward areas for increasing milk production, milk collection, milk processing and milk marketing in the state.
• Mahila Dairy Scheme
  This scheme was started in the year 1996-97 by the Dairy Development Department, Uttar Pradesh. The aim of this scheme is to increase the income of women who are engaged in milk production under milk cooperatives in the state. Under this scheme, training is given for dairy Development and women are encouraged to get extra income through this occupation.
• Strengthening Infrastructure for Quality and Clean Milk Production 
  It was started in 2003-04. Under this programme milk producers are taught to produce clean milk. They are helped with training use of detergent antiseptic solution, muslin cloth, utensils, etc. Testing labs are strengthened under this scheme for purchase of bulk milk coolers.
• Kamdhenu Dairy Scheme 
  This scheme was started in 2013 in the state with the aim to increase the milk production in Uttar Pradesh. Under this scheme, to open dairy unit in the state, the beneficiaries will get interest at rate of 12% per year on loan amount taken from bank which will be reimbursed by the State Government up to 5 years.
• Ambedkar Dairy Development Project 
  This scheme was started by the Dairy development Department. The aim of this scheme is to open dairy units in the selected Ambedkar villages which will help to improve the socio-economic status of the SC/ST people of these villages.
• Gokul Puraskar Yojana 
  The aim of this scheme is to encourage positive and healthy competition among milk producers of cooperative sectors. This scheme is implementing in all the districts of the state. Under this scheme the largest milk producer get Gokul Puraskar award who must be a member of a milk cooperative

  societies.

• Border Areas Development Programme 
  It is a Centrally Sponsored Programme, under this programme the milk producers of the development blocks in the districts contribute in the overall development of the Dairy Development Programme. This scheme is implementing in 7 districts namely Pilibhit, Lakhimpur-Kheri, Bahraich, Shravasti, Maharajganj, Balrampur and Siddharthnagar.

• National Dairy Plan - I
  Under this plan, 8 districts i.e. Bijnor, Meerut, Farrukhabad, Lucknow, Barabanki, Gonda, Faizabad and Ambedkar Nagar will be provided financial assistance for strengthening of milk production facilities, providing good food to the cattle and to ensure maximum productivity.

Poultry Farming in Uttar Pradesh

• This farming has been given the status of agriculture by Uttar Pradesh Government.
• The State Government introduced Poultry Policy in 2013 for entrepreneurship development in the field of poultry in the state.
• In order to encourage poultry farming in the state, there is a provision of different types of concession in this policy.
• With the implementation of this policy, the state will be able to produce 1 crore eggs per day and 10 crore chickens per year along with the employment generation.

Bee Keeping in Uttar Pradesh

• It is a subsidiary cottage industry in Uttar Pradesh. It is done for the products like honey, wax, propolis, royal jelly, larvae, etc.
• Bee-keeping programmes are being implemented in 16 districts of the state. 

Fisheries or Pisciculture in Uttar Pradesh

• Uttar Pradesh Fisheries Department was set-up in the year 1966. The aim of this department is to increase fish production and employment in the state. Later, for the development in the fisheries sector Uttar Pradesh Fisheries Development Corporation was established.
• During 6th and 7th Five Year Plan for the development of Pisciculture, a three-tier infrastructure has been established in Uttar Pradesh. This infrastructure include ‘Matsya Jeevi Sahkari Sangh Limited’, at state level, District Co-operative Fisheries Development and Marketing Federation’ at district level and Primary Matsya Jeevi Sahkari Samiti at the Panchayat level.
• For large production of fish seeds in the state, Fisheries Development Corporation has established 9 large and 48 medium and small hatcheries in the state. 214 hatcheries have been set-up in the private sector.
• Fisherman Accidental Insurance Scheme was introduced in the year 1985-86. Under this scheme, the fishermen will be given ₹1 lakh in case of death and ₹50,000 in case of permanent disablement.
• On 10th June, 2015, Pisciculture has been given the status of agriculture by Uttar Pradesh Government. National Fisherman Welfare Fund Programme was started for the housing facility of fishermen by the Indian Government. It is funded by Central and the State Governments on 50:50 share basis.

Fishery Development Policy, 2013

• To increase the overall fish production in a responsible and sustainable manner for economic prosperity.
• To modernise the fisheries with special focus on new technologies.
• To generate employment and export earnings.
• Conservation of natural fish wealth in rivers and development of reservoir fishery through riveranching and seed stocking programmes, respectively.
• Establishment of a fish outlet at Gomtinagar, Lucknow and also establishment of wholesale and retail fish markets and cold chain linkages.
• Quality seed production by establishing State Level Fish Brood Bank, Fish Hatcheries and Nurseries.
• Establishment of State Fisheries Development Board and Fish Feed Mills/Plants and also establishing the extension and training wing/cell in the department.

Animal Husbandry Department, Uttar Pradesh

• To provide breeding facilities with advanced technologies and improved genetic stock.
• To evolve an effective and scientific breeding policy to develop animals for specific needs that is high milk yield, meat, egg, wool etc.
• To provide health facilities to animals like prophylactic vaccination, disease diagnostic and treatment services.
• To increase the area of fodder cultivation in order to improve feed and fodder resources of animals.

Some Institutes for Animal Husbandry in Uttar Pradesh

• Institution - Location
• Central Institute for Research on Goats - Mathura
• Central Institute for Research on Cattle - Meerut
• National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources - Lucknow
• Indian Veterinary Research Institute - Izzat Nagar (Bareilly)