Trade and Commerce of Uttar Pradesh - 2 | Course for UPPSC Preparation - UPPSC (UP) PDF Download

Introduction :

• China holds the position of being the world's largest natural silk producer, while India secures the second spot in global natural silk production. The silk industry encompasses four main types of silk, namely Mulberry, Tussar, Eri, and Muga, with India boasting production capabilities for all four varieties. Exclusive to India, particularly in Assam, is the production of Muga silk. In Uttar Pradesh, Mulberry, Tussar, and Eri silk are produced.

In Uttar Pradesh, the production of Mulberry, Tussar, and Eri silk occurs.

• Mulberry silk is extracted from the leaves of the Mulberry tree, while Tussar silk caterpillars thrive on Arjun and Saja tree leaves. The Eri silk caterpillars, on the other hand, feed on Castor plant leaves. Across 56 districts, including Lakhimpur Kheri, Mirzapur, Sonbhadra, Chandauli, and Bahraich, Mulberry, Tussar, and Eri silk production is carried out in the state. There are a total of 160 government-owned Mulberry silk farms across 43 districts, including Sonbhadra, Bahraich, Chandauli, and Lakhimpur.
• In Uttar Pradesh, the Tussar silk development scheme is executed in 12 districts, such as Sonbhadra, Chandauli, Mirzapur, Jhansi, Lalitpur, Fatehpur, Chitrakoot, Mahoba, Jaunpur, Sultanpur, Mathura, and others. The state currently hosts 63 government-owned Tussar silk farms. The Eri silk development scheme is implemented in 8 districts, including Fatehpur, Kanpur Nagar, Kanpur Dehat, Hamirpur, Banda, Chitrakoot, Jalaun, and others. The state houses 5 government-owned Eri (Castor) silk farms. Mulberry silk contributes the most to the state's overall silk production, followed by Tussar and Eri silk.
• Notable districts for silk production in Uttar Pradesh include Varanasi, Mau, Etawah, and others, with Varanasi's silk sarees gaining global recognition. The State Cooperative Sericulture Federation, established in 1992, plays a pivotal role in promoting silk production growth, with 74 cooperative societies as its current members in the state.

Silk Research and Development Centers in Uttar Pradesh :

• Mulberry silk research and development: Subhagpur Silk Research and Development Centre (Gonda)
• Tussar silk research and development: Sonbhadra
• Eri silk development and research: Kanpur Nagar Silk Research and Development Centre

Sugar Industry

Introduction :

• Sugarcane is a significant cash crop in Uttar Pradesh, contributing around 50% to the nation's total sugarcane cultivation. This vital industry provides employment to over 3 million individuals, including sugarcane farmers, mill workers, and those involved in the jaggery and khandsari sector. The Ganga-Yamuna Doab region plays a crucial role in sugar production, contributing approximately 65% to the state's total output, with the remaining production distributed across the eastern districts of Uttar Pradesh.

Development of Sugar Industry :

• Sugarcane, originating in India, initially served the purpose of producing jaggery and molasses. The British established India's first sugar mill in Pratappur (Deoria) in 1903, leading to the rapid establishment of over 50 mills. In 1935, the Sugar Department was formed to oversee and promote the industry's development, and in 1938, the Sugar Factories Control Act-1938 was implemented.

Sugarcane Development Initiatives in Uttar Pradesh : 

• Sugarcane Development Councils were formed in 1948-49 to implement measures boosting production in sugarcane-producing regions, with 152 councils presently operating. Additionally, Sugarcane Development Committees were established in the same period, supported by the Uttar Pradesh Cooperative Sugarcane Federation Ltd., founded in 1949, overseeing 169 cooperative sugarcane development committees. The Lal Bahadur Shastri Sugarcane Farmers' Institute, established in 1975, focuses on training in sugarcane farming practices and related technologies, with affiliated branch training centers in five districts. The Uttar Pradesh Council of Sugarcane Research, established in 1976-77, conducts research across 9 centers on various aspects of sugarcane cultivation.

Sugar Producing Regions:

• The state comprises 44 sugarcane-producing districts and nine sugarcane-producing regions, including Meerut, Saharanpur, Moradabad, Bareilly, Lucknow, Ayodhya (Faizabad), Deoria, Gorakhpur, and Devaria. Additionally, there are three sugar-producing regions: Meerut, Bareilly, and Lucknow.

Government and Private Entities in the Sugar Industry:

• The Uttar Pradesh Cooperative Sugar Factories Federation Ltd., established in 1963, currently oversees 24 sugar mills. The Uttar Pradesh State Sugar Corporation Ltd., established in 1971, initially managed 33 sugar mills, with only a few remaining operational today. Alongside approximately 100 private sugar mills in the state, the Sugar Industry Promotion Policy 2004 was introduced in 2004 to attract capital investment in the sector.

Cement Industry

The cement sector plays a crucial role in the state, with cement factories strategically located in various regions:

• Chunar and Kajrahat (Mirzapur)
• Churk and Dalla (Sonbhadra)
• Gauriganj and Jagdishpur (Amethi)
• Kasganj
• Jhansi
• Sikandarabad (Bulandshahr)
• Tanda (Ambedkar Nagar)
• Raebareli

Electronic Industry

• The electronic industry is experiencing rapid growth within the state, marked by the establishment of several electronic plants in Gautam Buddh Nagar, Ghaziabad, and Lucknow. Additionally, state government-owned Opteron factories are situated in Lucknow, Prayagraj, Jaunpur, and Varanasi.

Leather Industry

• Kanpur serves as the primary hub for the leather industry in the state, producing leather shoes, suitcases, belts, and wallets. Other significant production centers include Agra, Lucknow, Meerut, Bareilly, with 86 centers dedicated to tanning and dyeing leather.

Vegetable Industry

• The state hosts vegetable ghee factories in Kanpur, Modinagar, Meerut, Prayagraj, Aligarh, and Ghaziabad. Moreover, modern large-scale edible oil mills are present in Kanpur, Agra, Ghaziabad, Hapur, and Modinagar (Meerut).

Chemical Industry

• Various chemical industries contribute to the state's economy, with notable establishments such as:
  • Sulphuric acid and bio-sulphide factory in Kanpur
  • Soda ash and ammonia chloride factory in Varanasi
  • Artificial rubber factory in Bareilly
  • Factory for sulphuric acid and other chemicals in Ghaziabad
  • Factory for preparing iron particles mixed with silica sand in Shankargarh, Prayagraj

Glass Industry

• Uttar Pradesh holds a significant position in India's glass industry, with major production centers in Bahjoi (Sambhal), Prayagraj (Allahabad), Firozabad, Ghaziabad, Meerut, Lucknow, Makkhanpur (Firozabad), Hirangaon, Varanasi, Sasani, Hathras, Balabali, etc. Firozabad is especially renowned globally for its production of glass bangles.

Aluminium industry

• Hindalco, situated in Renukoot (Sonbhadra), is a key player in the aluminium industry, engaged in the production of aluminium ingots and sheets using bauxite. Several cities, including Agra, Aligarh, Meerut, Kanpur, Mathura, Hathras, among others, host specialized factories producing utensils from aluminium sheets.

Engineering industry

Various districts in the state, such as Ghaziabad, Kanpur, Prayagraj, Lucknow, and Agra, house industries within the engineering sector. These industries manufacture a diverse range of machinery and equipment.

Fertilizer Industry

Uttar Pradesh hosts major urea fertilizer production plants in Kanpur, Bareilly, Prayagraj (Phulpur), and Gorakhpur (undergoing revival through private collaboration). Phosphate fertilizer manufacturing plants are located in Magarwara (Unnao), Kanpur, and Prayagraj.

Phosphate fertilizer manufacturing plants in the state:

• Magarwara (Unnao)
• Kanpur
• Prayagraj

Spirit and Liquor Industry

Factories involved in the production of spirit and liquor are situated in Ghaziabad, Unnao, Lucknow, Rampur, Meerut, Gorakhpur, Saharanpur, Daurala, Mansurpur, and Nawabganj.

Agricultural Machinery Industry

Cities like Agra, Aligarh, Meerut, Kanpur, Lucknow, etc., host the agricultural machinery manufacturing industry, producing equipment for sowing, plowing, harvesting, grain sifting, dairy farming, poultry farming, pesticide production, and farm transportation.

Bicycle Industry

Major centers for the bicycle industry in the state include Agra, Varanasi, Rampur, Lucknow, Kanpur, and Prayagraj, where bicycles like Royal Prince, Popular Hansa, Jai Hind, Asia, Saibro, and others are manufactured.

Brass and Other Metal Industry

• Manufacturing of brass and brass utensils takes place in Varanasi, Mirzapur, Farrukhabad, Hathras, Atrauli, Moradabad, Shamli, Hapur, and Badaun. Aligarh is a primary center for lock production, while Moradabad and Mirzapur specialize in plating and carving on utensils.

Woollen Textile Industry

Woollen textile mills are found in Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Shahjahanpur, and Mirzapur. The leading Lal Imli Mill in Kanpur, however, is currently closed.

Jute Industry

Three jute mills operate in Uttar Pradesh, with two in Kanpur and one in Shahjahanwan (Gorakhpur).

Soap Industry

Soap manufacturing factories are concentrated in Kanpur, Agra, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Meerut, and other cities.

Paper Industry

The state boasts the highest number of paper mills in Muzaffarnagar, followed by Meerut, Saharanpur, Ghaziabad, Moradabad, Rampur, and Unnao. Some mills use bagasse as raw material.

Ceramic ( Pottery ) Industry

Earthenware utensils are manufactured in Khurja (Bulandshahr), Mirzapur, Sonbhadra, and Ghaziabad.

Wood and furniture industry

• Crafting of wooden furniture and toys is concentrated in Hathras, Varanasi, Saharanpur, and Bareilly. Wood carving is done in Saharanpur and Nagina (Bijnor), while wooden toys are produced in Lucknow and Varanasi. Canes and sticks are made in Bareilly.

Sports Goods Industry:

• Meerut and Agra are hubs for the manufacturing of sports goods.