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The 2011 census reported the Scheduled Tribe (ST) population of Uttar Pradesh as 11,34,273, constituting a mere 0.57 percent of the state's total population of 199,812,341. This ST population accounts for only 0.6 percent of the entire tribal population of India. Uttar Pradesh has a total of five Scheduled Tribes, all of which were enumerated in the 2011 census. The majority of the tribal population in the state resides in rural areas, with 88.8 percent living in villages.
When examining district-wise distribution, Kheri district has the highest proportion of STs at 1.2 percent, followed by Balrampur (1.1 percent), and Shrawasti & Bahraich (each 0.4 percent). Nine districts have a 0.1 percent tribal population, while the remaining fifty-seven districts have a negligible proportion of ST population.

Population – Size & Distribution


In terms of population size and distribution among the five STs, Tharu is the most populous tribe, comprising 77.4 percent of the total tribal population of the state, with a population of 83,544. Buksa is the second-largest tribe with 4,367 individuals, followed by Bhotia, Jaunsari, and Raji. These four tribes, along with generic tribes, make up the remaining 22.6 percent of the total ST population.
At the individual tribe level, Tharu is primarily concentrated in Kheri, Balrampur, and Bahraich districts, while Buksa is most concentrated in Bijnor, followed by Farrukhabad districts. The other three STs, Bhotia, Jaunsari, and Raji, have their highest populations in Agra, Kheri, and Gorakhpur districts, respectively.
Buksa and Raji tribes among the five STs are recognized as Primitive Tribes, constituting 5 percent of the total tribal population of the state.
Various Tribes listed by Government of Uttar Pradesh are:-

  • Agariya (in the district of Sonbhadra)
  • Baiga (in the district of Sonbhadra)
  • Bhotia
  • Bhuiya, Bhuinya (in the district of Sonbhadra)
  • Buksa
  • Chero (in the districts of Sonbhadra and Varanasi)
  • Gond, Dhuria, Nayak, Pathari, Raj Gond (in the districts of Mehrajganj, Sidharth Nagar, Basti, Gorakhpur, Deoria, Mau, Azamgarh, Jonpur, BALIA, GHAZIPUR, Varanasi, Mirzapur and Sonbhadra)
  • Jaunsari
  • Kharwar, Khairwar (in the districts of Deoria, Balia, Ghazipur, Varanasi and Sonbhadra)
  • Pankha, Panika (in the districts of Sonbhadra and Mirzapur)
  • Parahiya (in the district of Sonbhadra)
  • Patari (in the district of Sonbhadra)
  • Raji
  • Saharya (in the district of Lalitpur)
  • Tharu

Sex Ratio

  • The overall sex ratio of the ST population is 934 females per 1000 males which is lower than the national average (978) for all STs.
  • Individually, all the five tribes have recorded an overall sex ratio lower than the national average. While Tharu, Bhotia and Buksa have sex ratio above 900, Raji and Jaunsari have the sex ratio below 900 and 800 respectively.
  • The sex ratio among STs, in the age group 0-6 years (973) is equal to that of all STs at the national level. Tharu have recorded the child sex ratio marginally lower than the national average whereas remaining four tribes have registered child sex ratio above 1000, showing a preponderance of girl children.

The total Scheduled Caste population returned in the state of Uttar Pradesh in Census 2011 is 4,13,57,608
Mazor Notified Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh are:-
Castes and Tribes of Uttar Pradesh | Course for UPPSC Preparation - UPPSC (UP)

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FAQs on Castes and Tribes of Uttar Pradesh - Course for UPPSC Preparation - UPPSC (UP)

1. What are the major castes and tribes in Uttar Pradesh?
Ans. The major castes and tribes in Uttar Pradesh include Brahmins, Rajputs, Yadavs, Jats, Dalits, Thakurs, and several others.
2. How does the caste system impact society in Uttar Pradesh?
Ans. The caste system in Uttar Pradesh plays a significant role in shaping social relationships, power dynamics, and access to resources. It often leads to discrimination, inequality, and social divisions within communities.
3. Are there any government initiatives to uplift marginalized castes and tribes in Uttar Pradesh?
Ans. Yes, the government of Uttar Pradesh has implemented various initiatives to uplift marginalized castes and tribes. These include reservation policies, educational scholarships, and welfare schemes aimed at improving their socio-economic conditions.
4. What is the significance of caste and tribe identities in Uttar Pradesh politics?
Ans. Caste and tribe identities hold immense significance in Uttar Pradesh politics. Political parties often consolidate their vote banks based on caste and tribe affiliations, leading to the creation of caste-based alliances and the formulation of caste-centric policies.
5. How does the knowledge of castes and tribes of Uttar Pradesh benefit candidates appearing for UPPSC exams?
Ans. Having knowledge about the castes and tribes of Uttar Pradesh is essential for candidates appearing for UPPSC exams as it helps them understand the socio-cultural fabric of the state. It enables them to analyze and answer questions related to social issues, welfare policies, and political dynamics in a comprehensive manner.
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