Seasons in West Bengal | WBCS Preparation: All Subjects - WBCS (West Bengal) PDF Download

The climatic variations in West Bengal are influenced by its topography and geographical location. The state experiences six varieties of soil, including the fertile new alluvial soil. The Northern region, influenced by the Eastern Himalayas, maintains a cool climate throughout the year, while the Southern part enjoys a moderate climate due to the proximity to the sea. Overall, West Bengal exhibits a tropical monsoon climate, with distinct seasons.

Seasons in West Bengal 

Hot Weather/Summer Season

• The entire state receives vertical rays of the sun, leading to heating of the landmass.
• Temperatures range from 35°C to 45°C.
• May is the hottest month.
• The Western part records higher temperatures than the Eastern part.
• Nights experience a cool southerly breeze carrying moisture from the Bay of Bengal.
• Thunderstorms, known as Nor-westers or Kal Baisakhi, occur, benefiting crops like paddy and jute.

South-West Monsoon/Rainy Season 

• The intense heat in Northern India creates a low-pressure system, attracting South-West monsoon winds.
• From around June 10-15, West Bengal experiences heavy rainfall until September.
• The Bay of Bengal branch of the South-West monsoon contributes to 90% of the state's rainfall.
• Regions near the Himalayan foothills, coastal areas, and delta plains receive the highest rainfall.

Autumn/Retreat Monsoon Season 

• South-West monsoon winds start retreating towards the sea after September.
• The retreat, completed by the end of November, results in tropical cyclones affecting the South and South-Western parts of the state.

Cold Weather Season 

• The state is partly influenced by North-East trade winds during winter.
• Offshore winds with no moisture lead to dry conditions.
• Average temperatures range from 7°C to 26°C.
• The Western plateau areas experience colder temperatures, but not as severe as the mountainous districts in the North.
• The Darjeeling Himalayan hill region may experience harsh winters with occasional snowfall.

Spring Season 

• Spring is a short season with pleasant weather.
• Temperatures range from 20°C to 30°C.
• No rainfall during this season.
• Occasional light showers may occur due to Western disturbances in North India.