CBSE Class 4 > Class 4 Notes > Chapter Notes: Living and Non-Living Things
Living and Non-Living Things Chapter Notes - Class 4 PDF Download
Introduction
- Our planet, Earth, is teeming with a rich diversity of entities, comprising both living organisms and non-living objects.
- Living things are distinguished by their ability to exhibit vital life processes, which non-living things lack.
Living Things
- Living organisms are structurally organized into cells, which serve as the fundamental units of life.
- These cells perform specialized functions necessary for survival.
- One of the defining features of living things is their engagement in metabolic processes. Through metabolic activities, living organisms acquire energy from nutrients and carry out various physiological functions.
- Reproduction is a fundamental characteristic of living organisms. Through reproduction, living beings generate offspring, ensuring the continuity of their species.
- The spectrum of living things encompasses a diverse array of organisms, including animals, plants, birds, insects, and humans.
- Living organisms exhibit several key characteristics, including cellular organization, respiration, nutrition, growth, locomotion, response to stimuli, excretion, and reproduction.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONTry yourself: Which of the following is a characteristic of plants?
Plants are also living things
- A small plant is born from a seed and grows up to become a big plant.
- Plants also need food and air to grow.
- Plants do not move from one place to another. But they move their parts. Like, the sunflower turns its face towards the Sun.
- The leaves of the touch-me-not plant close down when touched.
Non-Living Things
- Non-living entities lack essential life processes like eating, breathing, and feeling.
- They cannot move, grow, or reproduce.
- Non-living things fall into two categories: Natural and Man-made.
- Natural things exist in nature and are not created by humans.
- Examples of natural things include water, stones, mountains, clouds, the moon, and stars.
- Man-made things are created by humans and include objects like toy trains, books, tables, and chairs.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONTry yourself: Which of the following characteristics is unique to living organisms?
Difference Between Living and Non-Living Things
FAQs on Chapter Notes: Living and Non-Living Things
| 1. What are living things and non-living things with examples for Class 4? |  |
Ans. Living things are organisms that breathe, move, grow, and reproduce, like plants, animals, and humans. Non-living things do not possess life and cannot perform these activities, such as rocks, water, chairs, and soil. Living organisms need food and water to survive, while non-living objects remain unchanged without external force.
| 2. How do I tell the difference between living and non-living things in CBSE Class 4 science? | |
Ans. Living things exhibit characteristics like respiration, growth, movement, and reproduction throughout their lifespan. Non-living things lack these traits and do not respond to their environment. Living organisms consume energy through food, whereas non-living objects remain static. Observing whether something grows, moves independently, or needs nutrition helps distinguish between the two categories clearly.
| 3. What are the main characteristics that make something a living thing? | |
Ans. Living things possess seven key characteristics: respiration, movement, growth, reproduction, nutrition, sensitivity to surroundings, and excretion. These organisms breathe oxygen, consume food for energy, and produce offspring. Plants and animals both display these life processes, though some characteristics vary. For instance, plants grow throughout life while animals reach a fixed size, yet both are living entities.
| 4. Do plants count as living things even though they don't move around? | |
Ans. Yes, plants are living things despite lacking visible movement like animals. Plants grow, reproduce through seeds, absorb nutrients from soil, and respond to sunlight and water. They respire, converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. Plants also release oxygen and perform excretion. These life processes confirm plants belong to the living category, regardless of their stationary nature.
| 5. What everyday non-living things should I know about for my Class 4 exam? | |
Ans. Common non-living things include water, soil, rocks, metals, plastic, glass, wood, and air. These objects do not breathe, grow, or reproduce independently. Non-living things may be moved, broken, or modified, but they remain fundamentally unchanged by internal processes. Understanding examples like pencils, desks, and notebooks helps students recognize non-living objects in their daily environment effectively.
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May 16, 2026 Last updated
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