Important Questions & Answer: Meeting Life Challenges - 2 | Psychology Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Very Short Answer Questions

Q1: What is stress? Describe the nature of stress?
Ans: Stress can be defined as any kind of change that causes physical, emotional, or psychological distress. Stress is the body's response to anything that requires attention or action. Everyone is stressed to a greater or lesser extent. However, the way you respond to stress has a huge impact on your overall health.

Q2: Is Eustress good stress?
Ans: One type of positive stress is known as eustress. Eustress refers to stress that leads to positive reactions. It is the opposite of distress and can refer to any type of positive stress, whether physical or psychological. It is rather short-term and stimulating I often feel.

Q3: Define stress.
Ans: The pattern of an organism's response to stimulus events that upset the balance and exceed human coping capacity is termed stress.

Q4: What is your strategy to deny or downplay the seriousness of the situation?
Ans: Avoidance hyper-oriented strategy Individuals do not want to accept that they are facing such a stressful situation. This includes denying or downplaying the seriousness of the situation. It also involves consciously suppressing painful thoughts and replacing them with self-protection thoughts.

Q5 What are the sources of stress psychology?
Ans: Frustration, conflict, and internal and social pressures are some of the major causes of psychological stress. Frustration arises from our needs and motivations being blocked by something or someone that prevents us from achieving the goals we want.

Q6: What is positive health?
Ans: Positive health is a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Positive health includes "a healthy body, quality relationships, a sense of purpose in life, self-esteem to meet life's challenges, and resilience to stress, trauma, and change."

Q7: What are the three phases of GAS?
Ans: First described in his 1936 memo to Nature, his GAS has three phases: alarm, resistance and fatigue. During the alert phase, the body exhibits changes characteristic of initial exposure to a stressor. These changes usually coincide with the sympathetic discharges that enable the cannon's fight-or-flight phenomenon.

Q8: What is predictability and examples?
Ans: The definition of predictable is someone whose behavior is predictable, or what it will do is predictable or predictable. An example of being predictable is someone who is always late. An example of predictability is the sun rising each morning, adjective.

Q9: What is Hans Selye's theory?
Ans: This syndrome divides the overall reaction to stress into three phases: the alarm response, the resistance phase, and the fatigue phase.

Q10: Who is the father of stress?
Ans: Hans Selye His concept of stress is widespread in the field of public health and draws heavily on the work of Hans Selye (1907-1982), the 'father of stress'. One of his most important allies in this work has never been discussed as such: the tobacco industry.

Q11: What are three things that describe an assertive person?
Ans: A confident person has the following main characteristics: I can express my feelings. They confidently share their opinions. I can say no without feeling guilty.

Q12: What is the source of your frustration?
Ans: Frustration often arises when goals and expectations are not met. You may be making actions or efforts that don’t work as expected or produce the results you want.

Q13: What is the difference between stress and frustration?
Ans: Stress is the hardest job. The stress of being stopped by a police officer for speeding. Frustration is how you feel when you experience that stress. Not everyone who has experienced stressful life events or situations experiences frustration.

Short Answer Questions

Q14: Describe how life skills help you meet life challenges.
Ans: Life Skills are adaptive, positive behavioral skills that enable individuals to cope effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life. Our ability to cope depends on how prepared we are to manage and balance the demands of everyday life and keep our lives in balance. These life skills can be learned and even improved. Positivity, time management, rational thinking, improving relationships, self-care, and breaking unhelpful habits such as perfectionism and procrastination are life skills that can help you overcome life's challenges.

Q15: How does the environment affect us?
Ans: From time immemorial, humans have had to be sensitive to their surroundings in order to survive. In other words, we are naturally aware of our environment and seek out environments with certain qualities. First of all, people have a strong need for security and look for these qualities in their environment. They also want physical comfort, such as the right temperature environment. Moreover, we want a psychologically comfortable environment. For example, an environment that is familiar yet provides the right level of stimulation. Retailers and the hospitality industry are well aware of this and seek to provide three key attributes - comfort, safety and entertainment - to create an atmosphere that creates a positive customer experience. These attributes are equally important in healthcare.

Q16: Write a brief note about the signs and symptoms of stress.
Ans: Individuals differ in their patterns of coping with stress responses, and so do the intensity of warning signals or signs. Signs of stress are highly dependent on individual perceptions and degrees, duration of intensity, predictability, or complexity. Warning signs and symptoms of stress symptoms can be physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral.

Q17: What is your reaction to stress?
Ans: Physiological: Arousal plays an important role in stress-related behavior. The hypothalamus then initiates action in two ways.

•  The first pathway involves the autonomic nervous system. The adrenal glands release large amounts of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) into the bloodstream. This leads to physiological changes in the fight-or-flight response. 
• The second pathway involves the pituitary gland, which secretes energy-providing corticosteroids (cortisol) 

Emotional responses to stress: Negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, embarrassment, anger, depression and even denial.
Behavioral responses to stress: Depends on the nature of the stressful event. A confrontational approach to stress or (fighting) or retreating (flight) from a threatening event.
Cognitive responses to stress: beliefs about the harm or threat that an event poses, its causes, or its controllability. These include reactions such as poor concentration, intrusive, repetitive, or pathological thinking. The stress people experience also varies in intensity (low intensity vs. high intensity) and duration (short vs. high intensity), long-term), complexity (less complex vs. more complex), predictability (unexpected vs. predictable).

Q18: Describe social stress as a type of stress.
Ans: Social stress is externally induced and arises from interactions with other people. Death, family illness, and problems with neighbors are examples of social stress. Stress varies from person to person. For example, a quiet person finds going to a party stressful, an interested person spends a quiet night at home, whereas an extrovert finds being at home very stressful.

Q19: Biofeedback as a stress management technique is described.
Ans: Biofeedback is an effective stress management technique. The process of biofeedback is to monitor and reduce physiological aspects of stress by providing feedback on current physiological activity. Often associated with relaxation training. Biofeedback training consists of three phases 

• increasing awareness of specific physiological responses such as heart rate; 
• learn different ways to control physiological responses in calm situations; 
• use of the controller in everyday conditions 

Q20: Describe how life events create stress.
Ans: Changes, big and small, affect our lives from the moment we are born. We learn to deal with small changes in our lives, but big life events can be very stressful because they disrupt our daily routines and cause sudden changes. Multiple scheduled life events, such as moving house, and multiple unscheduled events, such as separation, in a short period of time can be difficult to cope with and create a lot of stress in your life.

Q21: Describe the concept of a stress-tolerant personality. Give a good example.
Ans: Kobasa's research shows that people with high stress and low levels of illness share three traits called robust personality traits. The 3 traits or 3 C's are Commitment, Control and Challenge. Hardness is a set of beliefs about yourself, the world, and how they interact.

• Commitment: It takes shape as a sense of what you are doing. For example, the feeling of being in control of your life and the feeling of being challenged.
• Control: To control the meaning and direction of life. Exemplary approach to work, family, hobbies and social life.
• Challenge: See life changes as normal and positive, not threatening.

Q22: Analyze the role of the following stress management techniques. (a) creative visualization (b) Exercise.
Ans: 

• Creative visualization: Creative visualization is an effective stress management technique. Creative visualization is a subjective experience using images and imagination. Before you visualize, you should set realistic goals that will help build your confidence. It is easier to visualize when your mind is quiet, your body is relaxed, and your eyes are closed. This reduces the risk of interference from uninvited thoughts and provides the creative energy needed to turn imaginary scenes into reality. 
• Exercise: Exercise can be a positive outlet for physiological arousal felt in response to stress. Regular exercise improves heart and lung function, maintains blood pressure, reduces fat and boosts the immune system. Exercise such as swimming, walking, running, cycling, and skipping can help relieve stress. Exercise should be done at least four times a week and he commits to doing it for 30 minutes. Each session should have a warm-up, practice, and cool-down period.

Long Answer Questions

Q23: List different ways to deal with stress.
Ans: To manage stress, we often need to rethink the way we think and learn coping strategies, and obtaining information about their expected results. It's also about prioritizing and taking action to deal directly with stressful situations—for example, planning your time well or thinking about how you might have solved similar problems.

• Emotionally oriented strategies: This may involve efforts to maintain hope and control one's emotions. It can also mean venting feelings of anger or frustration, or deciding you can't do anything to change things. Or worried about what I'm about to do. 
• Avoidance-based strategies: This includes denying or minimizing the seriousness of the situation. It also involves consciously suppressing painful thoughts and replacing them with self-protection thoughts. Examples include watching TV, calling friends, and trying to be with other people.

Q24: How does stress affect the immune system?
Ans: Stress can cause illness by impairing immune system function. The immune system protects the body from internal and external aggressors. Psychoneuroimmunology focuses on the connection between the mind, brain, and immune system. Examine the effects of stress on the immune system. How does the immune system work? White blood cells (white blood cells) within the immune system recognize and destroy foreign substances (antigens), such as viruses. It also leads to the production of antibodies. The immune system has different types of white blood cells (leukocytes), such as T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. T cells destroy invaders and T helper cells boost immune activity. It is these T helper cells that are targeted by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). B cells produce antibodies. Natural killer cells are involved in fighting both viruses and tumors. Stress can affect the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells, which are of critical importance in defense against various infectious diseases and cancers. Decreased natural killer cell cytotoxicity has been found in highly stressed people, such as students facing important exams, bereaved family members, and people with severe depression. Studies have shown that immune function is better in individuals who receive social support. Also, changes in the immune system have a significant impact on the health of people with already weakened immune systems.

Q25: We know that certain lifestyle factors can cause stress and lead to diseases like cancer and coronary artery disease, but we can't change our behavior. Explain why?
Ans: Stress can lead to unhealthy lifestyles and unhealthy behaviors. Lifestyle is the overall pattern of decisions and behaviors that determine a person's health and quality of life. People who are stressed are more likely to be exposed to pathogens that cause physical illness. People who are stressed may eat poorly, sleep less, and engage in other unhealthy behaviors such as smoking and alcohol abuse. It is an extremely enjoyable experience. However, we tend to ignore their long-term negative effects and underestimate the risks they pose to our lives. Research shows that health-promoting behaviors such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and family support play an important role in good health. Adhering to a lifestyle that includes a balanced low-fat diet, regular and ongoing physical activity, and a positive mindset improves health and longevity. The modern lifestyle of overeating, overdrinking, and living the so-called fast-paced good life has led us to violate basic health principles in what we eat, think, and do in life.

Q26: Explain the nature of stress with an example. Discuss avoidance-oriented coping strategies.
Ans: The Nature of Stress The word stress comes from the Latin strictus (meaning tight or hard) and stringere (a verb meaning to tighten). A stressor is an event that triggers a stress response in our body. Such events could be noise, crowds, bad relationships, or the daily commute to school or office. The reaction to an external stressor is called "tension". Hans Selye, the father of modern stress research, defined stress as "the body's non-specific response to any demand." This means that individuals respond with the same physiological response pattern regardless of the source of threat. Stress is not an individual or environmental factor, but is embedded in the ongoing processes by which individuals interact with their social and cultural environment, evaluate these encounters, and try to deal with problems that arise.
Examples of sources of stress include the death of a loved one, personal illness or injury, and failing an exam to appear in an exam or interview. It also involves consciously suppressing painful thoughts and replacing them with self-protection thoughts. Examples include watching TV, calling friends, and trying to be with other people.

Q27: What are the effects of stress on mental function and health?
Ans: 

• Emotional Impact: You start a vicious cycle of experiencing mood swings, exhibiting erratic behavior that can alienate you from family and friends, and lowering your self-confidence, leading to more serious emotional problems. 
• Physiological Effects: Increases production of certain hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones produce significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure, metabolism and physical activity. While it helps them function more effectively under pressure in the short term, it can be very harmful to the body in the long run. 
• Cognitive Effects: Sustained pressure of stress can lead to mental overload. Suffering from high levels of stress can quickly erode the ability to make informed decisions, reduce concentration, and impair short-term memory, increased absenteeism, and poor job performance. 
• Burnout: A state of physical, emotional, and psychological exhaustion. 
• Stress and Health: Stress is responsible for 50-70% of all physical ailments, primarily through its effects on large systems. Stress disrupts our complex internal chemistry by depleting resources and throwing our physiology out of balance. It can interfere with the efficient functioning of our immune system, which protects our bodies from potentially harmful substances and invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi known as antigens. Chronic stress affects physical health and impairs mental function. Physical fatigue in signs of chromium fatigue and lack of energy. Mental fatigue manifests itself in the form of irritability, anxiety, helplessness, and hopelessness. This state of physical, emotional and psychological exhaustion is called burnout and leads to poor health.