Writing(Analytical Paragraph)
1.
Ans: The line graph compares the monthly occurrence of robberies in a city over three different years: 2018, 2019, and 2020. In 2018, the trend starts with a high in January, with just over 11,000 robberies, which is the peak for that year. A general decline follows until March, and then the figures fluctuate significantly throughout the year, with notable peaks in June and October.
In contrast, 2019 saw a lower starting point in January, with approximately 4,000 robberies, which then sharply increased to peak at around 7,000 in February. This year's pattern is more erratic, with several peaks and troughs, the most prominent peak being in July, slightly surpassing 9,000 robberies, before falling and rising again towards the year's end.
2020 presents a different picture, beginning with the lowest number of robberies in January compared to the previous years, at around 3,000. A steep increase is observed in February, surpassing both previous years at approximately 12,000 robberies, marking the highest point across all three years. The rest of the year shows a downward trend with mild fluctuations, ending with a sharp decrease in December to nearly 3,000 robberies.
Comparing the three years, 2020 had both the highest and lowest recorded numbers of robberies in a single month. The data indicates that while there might be certain months with predictably higher or lower robbery rates, such as a high in February for 2019 and 2020 and a low at the beginning and end of 2020, the overall pattern is quite irregular. These variations could be influenced by a range of factors, including economic conditions, law enforcement activity, and social circumstances.
Additional Practice Task
1.
Ans: The visuals depict a concerning forecast about India's waste generation and the land required for its disposal. The line graph shows a worrying upward trend in solid waste generation, projected to rise sharply from 2001 to 2047. It suggests that by 2047, the waste produced per day could reach well over 300 million tonnes, indicating a significant increase from previous years.
The bar graph below reflects the land requirement for waste disposal, measured in square kilometers. The trend here is also increasing, albeit not as sharply as the waste generation. In 1997, the land needed was minimal, but by 2047, it is projected to reach around 1200 square kilometers, which is a substantial increment and could lead to concerns regarding land availability for other purposes.
Comparing the two graphs, it's evident that while the waste generation is increasing at a very steep rate, the land requirement is not keeping pace. This could imply improvements in waste management efficiency, advancements in recycling technologies, or a shift towards waste disposal methods that require less land. However, the discrepancy also raises questions about whether the waste disposal needs will be able to be met sustainably or if alternate waste management strategies will be necessary.
The analysis suggests that India will face significant challenges in managing its waste in the coming decades. The anticipated increase in waste generation will likely put pressure on the country's waste management infrastructure and could have environmental impacts if not planned for appropriately. This calls for urgent attention to waste reduction strategies, recycling, and sustainable waste management practices to mitigate the potential impact on the land and the environment.
D. TABLE
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Ans: The table provides a comparative analysis of the percentage of deaths attributed to various environmental and health risks across different income groups globally. It indicates that indoor smoke from solid fuels is a significant risk factor in low and middle-income regions, contributing to 3.9% of deaths, which is higher than the global average of 3.3%. This risk is non-existent in high-income groups, with 0.0% of deaths. Unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and lack of hygiene are nearly as deadly, with 3.8% in low and middle-income areas, marginally higher than the global average of 3.2%, and only 0.1% in high-income regions.
Urban outdoor air pollution is responsible for 2.0% of deaths worldwide, with high-income areas experiencing a slightly higher percentage of 2.5%, indicating that wealthier regions might be facing significant challenges with air quality in urban areas. In contrast, low and middle-income regions have a slightly lower percentage of 1.9%.
Global climate change appears to have a minimal impact on mortality rates currently, with low and middle-income regions seeing a 0.3% death rate, which is just slightly higher than the global average of 0.2%. High-income regions show no deaths attributed to climate change.
Lead exposure, similar to global climate change, accounts for 0.2% of deaths globally and in low and middle-income regions, with no impact seen in high-income regions.
In summary, the data reveals that low and middle-income groups are more affected by risks associated with indoor pollution and lack of clean water and sanitation, while high-income groups show a slightly higher susceptibility to urban outdoor air pollution. Climate change and lead exposure have the least impact on mortality rates across all regions. The overall trend suggests that lower income regions suffer more from environmental health risks, highlighting a disparity in health outcomes related to income levels.
