Master Boundaries | Reading and Writing for Digital SAT PDF Download

Introduction

Boundaries questions explore the message conveyed within a passage as well as the manner in which it is articulated. They underscore the need for sentences to be structurally sound and complete, adhering to the conventions of Standard English Conventions.

The questions are always phrased as "Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?", but be aware that they are not the only question type using this formatting: Form, Structure, and Sense questions also use the same wording but test subject-verb conjugations instead.

Example Question:

The appropriate punctuation ensures that the relationship between Leonardo da Vinci's interest in anatomy and the consequent works inspired by that interest is clear and easily understood.

How to Solve Boundaries Questions

1. Understand the Sentence Structure

(ii) Check for Completeness: Ensure each sentence has both a subject and a verb to confirm its completeness. Identify any sentences that seem to lack essential elements, making them feel incomplete.

(iii) Understand the Role of the Clauses: Recognize the function of each clause within a sentence. Determine which clause sets a condition, which provides a result, and ensure you can differentiate between a clause and a single word.

2. Analyzing Punctuation Choices

(i) The comma: Examine the placement and use of commas in a sentence, especially when separating items in a list. Identify sentences that correctly follow punctuation rules and those that have misplaced or missing commas.

(ii) The colon: valuate the usage of colons in sentences, particularly when introducing lists or explanations. Discern between sentences that correctly utilize the colon and those that misuse it or could be better expressed without it.

(iii) The semicolon: Assess the application of semicolons in sentences, specifically when connecting closely related independent clauses. Distinguish between sentences that properly employ the semicolon and those that either misuse it or should use a different punctuation mark.

Punctuation Tips and Tricks

The period (.)

• The period is used to end a complete sentence that is a statement.
• Example: "She closed the door."
• Tip: If you can say "That's true" after the sentence, it probably needs a period.

The comma (,)

• The comma is used to separate elements in a series or to create a pause in a sentence, setting off non-essential information or indicating a natural pause.
• Example: "I need to buy eggs, milk, and bread."
• Incorrect usage: "The cat ate, then it slept." (Incorrect because each clause is a complete sentence and requires stronger separation)
• Tip: Be cautious not to create a comma splice, which is using a comma to join two independent clauses.

The semicolon (;)

• The semicolon is used to connect two independent clauses that are closely related in theme.
• Example: "The sky is clear; we can go stargazing tonight."
• Tip: Each clause on either side of the semicolon should be a complete sentence if standing alone. The semicolon shows a closer relationship between the clauses than a period would.

The colon (:)

• The colon is used to introduce a list, a quotation, or a continuation/expansion of the initial clause.
• Example: "He was planning a big breakfast: eggs, bacon, toast, and fruit."
• Tip: Avoid using a colon directly after a verb or preposition when a list follows.

The dash (-)

• The dash is used to indicate a range or a parenthetical thought (more dramatic than commas).
• Example: "Three students—Sam, Joe, and Alyssa—scored top marks."
• Tip: A dash has more emphasis than a comma. It tells the reader to prepare for related, important information.

The question mark (?)

• The question mark is used to indicate a direct question."
• Example: "Are you coming to the party?"
• Tip: Don't use question marks after indirect questions like "I wonder if it’s going to rain."

The exclamation mark (!)

• The exclamation mark is used to express excitement, surprise, or strong emotion.
• Example: "Watch out for the car!"
• Tip: Exclamation marks are sparingly used in formal writing, so take into account the style of passage before deciding whether they are appropriate.

The quotation mark (" ")

• The quotation mark is used to show someone else’s exact words or to indicate a title of a short work.
• Example: She said, "Meet me at noon."
• Tip: Periods and commas go inside the quotation marks, while semicolons and colons go outside.