Geographical Location of Telangana | Telangana State PSC (TSPSC): Preparation Course - TSPSC (Telangana) PDF Download

Introduction to Telangana

• Telangana became the 29th state of India according to the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014 (No. 6 of 2014), which received presidential assent on March 1, 2014, and officially came into existence on June 2, 2014. An amendment to this act, known as the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization (Amendment) Act, 2014 (No. 19 of 2014), was enacted on July 17, 2014, transferring certain mandals and villages of Khammam district to residual Andhra Pradesh, with this amendment being enforced from May 29, 2014.
• Telangana, located in the southern region of India, spans an area of 112,077 square kilometers, slightly reduced from its previous size of 114,840 square kilometers due to the aforementioned amendment. It ranks as the twelfth largest state in terms of both area and population. Historically, much of Telangana was part of the princely state of Hyderabad, which joined the Union of India in 1948. Following the linguistic reorganization of states in 1956, Telangana merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh. However, it was separated from Andhra Pradesh on June 2, 2014, becoming India's 29th state, with Hyderabad as its capital.
• Bordering Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh, Telangana encompasses major cities such as Hyderabad, Warangal, Mahabubnagar, Karimnagar, Nizamabad, and Khammam. Situated strategically in the Deccan plateau, the state experiences a predominantly hot and dry climate.

Demography

Geographical Location of Telangana

• Telangana covers an area of 114,800 square kilometers and is traversed by two major rivers, the Krishna and the Godavari. The Godavari River flows to the north, while the Krishna flows to the south. Additionally, Telangana is crisscrossed by several smaller rivers such as the Bhima, Dindi, Manjeera, Manair, Kinnerasani, and Moosi. Approximately 45% of Andhra Pradesh's forested area is situated within Telangana, making it a significant green belt in the region. The state also boasts substantial coal reserves, with around 20% of India's total coal deposits found here. Coal extracted from Telangana is primarily supplied to states in southern India.
• Geographically, Telangana is located between 15°46′ and 19°47′ N latitude and 77°16′ and 81°43′ E longitude. It shares its borders with Maharashtra to the north and northwest, Karnataka to the west, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, and Andhra Pradesh to the south and east. The region experiences an average annual rainfall of about 906 mm, with 80% of this rainfall occurring during the Southwest monsoon. Situated strategically on the Deccan Plateau, Telangana falls within a semi-arid zone characterized by predominantly hot and dry climatic conditions.

Telangana Plateau of Geographical Location of Telangana

• Telangana Plateau, also spelled as Telangana, is situated in western Andhra Pradesh state, southeastern India. It is part of the Deccan plateau, covering an area of approximately 57,370 square miles (148,000 square km).
• The plateau stretches about 480 miles (770 km) from north to south and about 320 miles (515 km) from east to west. It was mentioned in one of the edicts of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka and has been ruled by various dynasties including the Satavahanas.
• The Godavari River flows southeastward through the region, while the Krishna River divides the plateau into two sections. The Penneru River flows in a northerly direction. The plateau is characterized by moist deciduous, dry deciduous, and tropical thorn forests.

Land Utilisation

• The total geographical area of Telangana is 112.07 lakh hectares. Forest cover occupies 27.43 lakh hectares, which is about 23.89% of the land.
• Cultivated land constitutes approximately 43.20% (49.61 lakh hectares), while current fallow lands cover 8.36% (9.60 lakh hectares). Non-agricultural uses account for 7.79% (8.95 lakh hectares).
• Barren and uncultivable land makes up 5.36% (6.15 lakh hectares), and other fallow lands represent 6.24% (7.17 lakh hectares). Culturable waste, permanent pastures, grazing lands, and miscellaneous tree crops and groves are not part of the net sown area.

Population

• In accordance with the Census Act, 1948, the Government of India conducts a population census once every ten years and releases the findings in various phases. The population census for the year 2011 was carried out by the Government of India, and the final results, down to the village level, were published across various classifications. 
• This chapter aims to present the results of the 2011 population census conducted in Telangana State, excluding 327 revenue villages that were transferred to Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization (Amendment) Act, 2014 (No. 19 of 2014). 
• The geographical area of Telangana State is 112,077 square kilometers, with a population of 350.04 million, comprising 176.12 million males and 173.92 million females. This makes Telangana the twelfth-largest state in terms of both area and population size in the union of India. The sex ratio in the state stands at 988.

Growth of Population

• The majority of the population in the state resides in rural areas, accounting for 61.12%, while the remaining 38.88% live in urban areas. Over the decade from 2001 to 2011, the overall population growth rate was 13.58%, which is lower than the growth rate of 18.77% observed in the preceding decade. 
• Notably, urban areas have experienced a significant increase in population, with a growth rate of 38.12% during the 2001-2011 period, compared to 25.13% in the previous decade. In contrast, rural population growth in the state was more modest, at 2.13% as per the 2011 census, which surpasses the United Nations' estimate for global population growth at 1.23%. 
• Approximately 30% of the total urban population resides in the capital city of Hyderabad alone.

Sex Ratio

• The sex ratio refers to the number of females per 1,000 males in a given population.
• In the state, the sex ratio was recorded at 988 according to the 2011 Census.
• Notably, districts like Nizamabad, Adilabad, Karimnagar, and Khammam have a sex ratio exceeding 1,000.
• Over the years, there has been a steady improvement in the state's sex ratio, increasing from 967 in 1991 to 988 in 2011.
• Despite an overall favorable sex ratio in the total population, the sex ratio of children aged 0-6 years decreased from 957 in 2001 to 932 in 2011.
• The sex ratio of the SC (Scheduled Caste) population in 2011 stood at 1,008, surpassing the state average, except in districts like Rangareddy, Hyderabad, and Mahabubnagar.
• The sex ratio of the ST (Scheduled Tribe) population at 977 is slightly lower than the state average but higher in districts such as Adilabad, Karimnagar, Nizamabad, and Khammam.

Density of Population

• Population density signifies the average number of individuals residing per square kilometer of an area.
• Across the state, the population density varies significantly, ranging from 170 to 18,172 individuals per square kilometer.
• Adilabad district boasts the lowest population density of 170 individuals per square kilometer, whereas Hyderabad district has the highest at 18,172 individuals per square kilometer.
• Districts like Adilabad, Khammam, and Mahabubnagar exhibit lower population densities of 170, 197, and 220 individuals per square kilometer, respectively, in comparison to the state average of 312 individuals per square kilometer.

Literacy Rate

According to the Census of India, the literacy rate is the percentage of the population aged seven years or above who can read and write with understanding.

Literacy Rate Statistics as per 2011 Census:

• The overall literacy rate of the State is 66.54%.
• Male literacy stands at 75.04%.
• Female literacy is recorded at 57.99%.

Regional Disparities:

• Hyderabad district boasts the highest literacy rate at 83.25%, while Mahabubnagar district has the lowest rate of 55.04%.