Jangaon District (జనగామ జిల్లా) | Telangana State PSC (TSPSC): Preparation Course - TSPSC (Telangana) PDF Download

History 

• The discovery of Jain Thirthankara sculptures in excavations near the town indicates the presence of Jainism during the Megalithic age. Jangaon served as the second capital region of the Kalyani Chalukyas in the 11th century. Following the rule of the Nayaks, the region came under the Kakatiya dynasty from 1195 to 1323 before being controlled by the Khalji dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate under Ala-ud-din Khilji's rule. Subsequently, it became part of the Bahmani Sultanate and then the Sultanate of Golconda under the Qutb Shahi dynasty in 1512. Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor, conquered Golconda in 1687, and it remained under Mughal rule thereafter.
• In 1724, Qamar-ud-din Khan Asaf Jah I declared sovereignty and established the Asaf Jahi Dynasty. In 1854, the Jangaon area was part of the administrative region of Bhonagheer Circars, referred to as Zungaon in an 1854 map. Following the creation of new districts in 1866, the Jangaon area was transferred from Bhongir Circar to Warangal District. Additionally, Cherial was renamed Taluka, with its headquarters at Jangaon, encompassing parts of the Wardannapet region.
• In 1905, the Princely state of Hyderabad was divided into four divisions, with Jangaon (Cherial) being part of the Gulshanabad Division. Following India's independence in 1947, Hyderabad State was annexed to the Dominion of India through Operation Polo in 1948, with Jangaon taluka being part of Nalgonda district in the Gulshanabad Division of Hyderabad State.
• In 1953, there was a rearrangement of areas, resulting in the shifting of some villages from one taluka to another. Subsequently, on October 1, 1953, Khammam district was formed when Warangal district was divided to streamline administrative control. Talukas such as Khammam, Yellandu, Madhira, Burugunpahad, and Palavancha were included in Khammam district, while Warangal, Mulugu, Mahabubabad, and Pakala (Narsampet) remained in Warangal district. Additionally, Parkaala from Karimnagar district and Jangaon taluka from Nalgonda district became part of Warangal district, resulting in Nalgonda, Miryalguda, Deverkonda, Bhongir, Ramannapet, Suryapet, and Huzurnagar being included in Nalgonda district. Following these changes in 1953, a few villages of Jangaon taluka were transferred to Medak district, while some remained in Nalgonda district.
• During the reign of Marri Chenna Reddy in 1979, Jangaon taluka was divided into Cherial, Kodakandla, and Jangaon talukas. At that time, Jangaon taluk consisted of 7 Circles, namely Jangaon, Cherial, Rebarthi, Narmetta, Ippaguda, Chennur, and Kodakondla Circles. In 1985, when N. T. Rama Rao introduced the mandal system, Jangaon taluka was further divided into Jangaon Mandal, Raghunathpalle, Lingalaghanpur, and Devaruppula mandals.
• On October 11, 2016, Jangaon was designated as the district headquarters, along with the formation of 21 newly formed districts in Telangana. Warangal district was divided into five districts, namely Warangal Urban district, Warangal Rural district, Jangaon district, Jayashankar Bhoopalapalli district, and Mahabubabad district. Jangaon district was primarily formed from the old Jangaon Revenue division, with exceptions such as Maddur, Cherial, and Komuravelli mandals, which were transferred to the newly formed Siddipet district. Ghanpur and Zaffergadh from the Warangal Revenue division and Gundala from Nalgonda district were merged with Jangaon district.

Economy

Jangaon, situated in a strategically vital location, offers abundant prospects for growth. The region predominantly relies on agriculture as its primary economic activity. However, the agricultural sector faces challenges during the summer months due to inadequate water supply.
Let's delve into some key industries in this area:

• Agriculture Sector: The agriculture sector in Jangaon forms the backbone of the economy, with a significant portion of the population engaged in farming activities. Crops such as rice, wheat, and cotton are cultivated in the region.
• Manufacturing Industry: Jangaon's manufacturing industry plays a crucial role in driving economic growth. The region is home to various manufacturing units producing goods like textiles, chemicals, and machinery.
• Service Sector: The service sector in Jangaon is rapidly expanding, offering employment opportunities in areas such as education, healthcare, and hospitality. The growth of services contributes significantly to the overall economic development of the region.
• Infrastructure Development: Infrastructure development is a key focus area in Jangaon to support economic growth. Investments in roads, power supply, and telecommunications are being made to enhance connectivity and facilitate business activities in the region.

Export Industry of Jangaon

• Most of the exports from Jangaon consist of rice, a result of the region's significant rice cultivation activities.
• The city's export sector includes Rice Mills and Cotton Industries, facilitating the export of rice, cotton, and various other agricultural products.
• In addition to rice and cotton, Pembarti crafts are also exported from Jangaon to both domestic and international markets.
• Leather products are among the primary items exported from the region.
• Handicrafts play a crucial role in Jangaon's exports, encompassing stone monuments, brassware, and silk handicrafts produced through handloom weaving.

Agriculture Industry of Jangaon

• Jangaon is renowned for its agricultural industry, with grain production serving as the main source of income.
• The region holds the second position globally in grain market trade, emphasizing its significance in agriculture.
• A large portion of the farmers in Jangaon primarily focus on rice cultivation, both for commercial purposes and personal sustenance due to its importance as a staple food.
• Cotton is another significant crop in the area, although its production has been declining due to governmental neglect.

Other Industries of Jangaon

• Jangaon hosts a variety of small and medium-scale industries. However, the lack of support from the government has hindered the development of large-scale industries in the region. This neglect has led to the closure of some businesses that were established during the Nizam's Rule, exacerbating unemployment in the area.
• If this trend persists, there is a risk of a rise in Naxalite activities in the region due to the escalating unemployment rates. It is crucial to address this issue to prevent social unrest.

Various industries have thrived in Jangaon at a modest scale, including:

• Leather Tanning
• Textile Industry
• Tobacco Products
• Wooden Furniture
• Paper and Paper Products
• Mineral-based Products
• Electrical Machinery and Transport Equipment
• Repairing and Services
• Animal Husbandry

Tourist Places

Palakurthi

• Many regions in ancient India were characterized by lush greenery, flowing rivers, and majestic hills, embodying abundant natural beauty. These areas facilitated a tranquil existence for individuals, including numerous sages who dedicated their time to spiritual contemplation amidst mountains and wilderness. 
• Over time, these serene locations have undergone significant transformations, experiencing the benevolent patronage of various monarchs before gradually fading into obscurity.
• Exploring these magnificent temples can unveil profound insights into history. Among these sites is the ruler of Jangaon district.

Historical Significance of Palakurthi

• The region is believed to have been a site of intense penance by sages approximately 1200 to 1300 years ago.
• Legend has it that Someshvara, a significant deity, manifested in this location at the behest of the Seven Sages.

Legacy of Someshwar Poet

• A notable feature is the cave accessible for visitation, with lore surrounding the birthplace of the renowned poet-ruler Someshwar.
• Someshwar, also known as Somesvara, was a prolific poet whose literary works include the "Dashama Purana" and scholarly histories.
• Born in AD 1160 and living until 1240, the poet's birthplace holds significance, with the poet himself venerating Someshwar from an early age.

How to Reach

• The nearest airport is located 80 km away from Jangaon in Hyderabad.
• The nearest railway station is situated at a distance of 25 km in Jangaon.
• It is well connected with the district headquarters in Jangaon.

Bammera Pothana

• Bammera Pothana (1450-1510) was a renowned Indian Telugu poet acknowledged for his translation of the Bhagavata Purana from Sanskrit to Telugu. He was proficient in both Telugu and Sanskrit and notably known as a natural poet without the need for a formal teacher. Pothana, besides his literary contributions, was also involved in agriculture, showcasing his humility and dedication to his occupation.
• Born into a Niyogi Brahmin family in Bammera Village, located in the Jangaon District of present-day Telangana state, Pothana's parents were Kesana and Lakkamamba. His most celebrated work, Andhra Maha Bhagavatamu, commonly referred to as Pothana Bhagavatam in Telugu, continues to be a popular literary masterpiece in Telugu literature.

At an early age he wrote

• Bammera Dhandakam: Bhogini Dhandakam was his initial poetic creation, dedicated to king Sri Singa Bhoopala's concubine, Bhogini. It marked the beginning of his exceptional poetic skills.
• Virabhadra Vijayamu: His second masterpiece, Virabhadra Vijayamu, narrates the escapades of Lord Virabhadra, a manifestation of Lord Shiva. The central narrative revolves around the annihilation of the 'Daksha Yagna' orchestrated by Daksha Prajapathi in Lord Shiva's absence.

How to Reach

• The nearest airport is situated in Hyderabad, approximately 80 km away from Jangaon.
• Jangaon houses the closest railway station, at a distance of 25 km.
• It is well-connected to the district headquarters at Jangaon.

Jeedikal

• Sri Ramachandra Swamy Devasthanam is a well-known Srirama Temple situated in Jeedikal village, near Jangaon. Local legends suggest that the temple's origins date back to the 'Tretayuga' era, where Lord Rama is believed to have shot the demon Maricha, disguised as a golden deer, at this very location. Upon Maricha's plea for forgiveness and commitment to worship him, Lord Rama consented to manifest as 'Swayambhu' on the hillock at this temple.
• The site where the golden deer was slain, known locally as "Lady Banda," bears witness to Lord Sri Rama's visit during his pursuit of the deer. According to local tales, while in exile, Lord Sri Rama, accompanied by his devoted wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, encountered the golden deer. After a series of events, the deer was revealed to be a cursed individual named Chitraradha, who was liberated by Sri Rama's arrow.
• Impressed by Chitraradha's devotion, Lord Sri Rama granted him a wish for water that had touched his divine feet. By pressing a nearby rock with his thumb, Sri Rama caused the Ganga River to flow through it, creating the famous "Uttar Ganga." To this day, visitors can witness the rock's transformation when cleared of dust, with the water causing a color change in rice at the temple premises during specific ceremonies.
• God blesses a devoted sage who seeks to perform Pada Seva until his life on earth. Lord Sri Rama grants his wish by animating an idol with his presence, leaving behind his sandals at the site, which becomes known as Veerachalam. The temple built there features a pond that remains full even in the driest seasons.

Key Points

• The sage at Veerachalam desired to conduct Pada Seva, praying to Lord Sri Rama.
• Lord Rama fulfilled the sage's wish by animating the idol and leaving his sandals behind.
• The location, Veerachalam, is known for the temple built around this miraculous event.
• The temple's pond, despite usage, has maintained a constant water level throughout history.

How to Reach

• The nearest airport is located in Hyderabad, which is 80 kilometers away from Warangal.
• The closest railway station is in Jangaon, approximately 25 kilometers away.
• It is well connected with the district headquarters in Jangaon.

Culture & Heritage 

• In the district of Jangaon, Pembarthi village stands out for its exquisite metal handicrafts and brass works. The skilled artisans in this village craft statues, awards, and presentations. The community in Jangaon is a blend of Hindus and Muslims. The predominant languages spoken are Telugu and Urdu, with some proficiency in Hindi and English. Education is valued, with an impressive literacy rate of 84.16%, encompassing 76.79% female literacy and 91.54% male literacy.
• Agriculture is the primary livelihood for most residents, although tourism presents another avenue for earning income. Notable personalities hailing from Jangaon district include Bammera Pothana, Palkuriki Somanadhudu, Chakali Ilamma, Doddi Komuraiah, and Chukka Sattaiah. Traditional attire in Jangaon mirrors that of Andhra Pradesh, with women favoring sarees, particularly in rural areas, and men opting for cotton lungis paired with shirts. In recent years, a shift towards Western clothing like jeans, t-shirts, skirts, shorts, and pants has been observed due to their comfort and style.
• Jangaon accommodates both Hindu and Muslim communities, leading to the vibrant celebration of various festivals. Hindus observe festivals such as Holi, Diwali, Dussera, Raksha Bandhan, Ram Navami, Vinayak Chavithi, Sankranthi, and Ugadi with zeal. Similarly, Muslims celebrate Ramadan, Eid-Ul-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Milad Un Nabi, and Moharram with equal fervor. Unique to the region, festivals like Bonalu, Bathukamma, Kakatiya, Shakambari, and Sammakka-Sarakka Jatra are cherished and commemorated alongside other parts of Andhra Pradesh.