Schedule Tribes of Telangana | Telangana State PSC (TSPSC): Preparation Course - TSPSC (Telangana) PDF Download

Schedule Tribes of Telangana

• Based on the 2011 Census, the total population of India is 08 Crore, out of which the Scheduled Tribe (ST) population is 10.45 Crore (8.6%).
• Tribal communities in India exhibit immense diversity in terms of languages spoken, population size, and livelihood practices.
• The list of Scheduled Tribes in the Indian constitution reflects this diversity, with 698 tribes identified in the Draft National Tribal Policy of 2006.
• According to the 2011 Census of India, there are 705 individual groups recognized as Scheduled Tribes.
• In Telangana, the Scheduled Tribe population constitutes 9.08% of the total population, significantly higher than the 6.99% in the combined State of Andhra Pradesh.
• As per the 2011 Census and reports from the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, the Tribal Population of Telangana is substantial.

List of Scheduled Tribes in Telangana

• Andh, Sadhu Andh
• Bagata
• Bhil
• Chenchu
• Gadabas, Bodo Gadaba, Gutob Gadaba, Kallayi Gadaba, Parangi Gadaba, Kathera Gadaba, Kapu Gadaba
• Gond, Naikpod, Rajgond, Koitur
• Goudu
• Hill Reddis
• Jatapus
• Kammara
• Kattunayakan
• Kolam, Kolawar
• Konda Dhoras, Kubi
• Konda Kapus
• Kondareddis
• Kondhs, Kodi, Kodhu, Desaya Kondhs, Dongria Kondhs, Kuttiya Kondhs, Tikiria Kondhs, Yenity Kondhs, Kuvinga
• Kotia, Bentho Oriya, Bartika, Dulia, Holva, Sanrona, Sidhopaiko
• Koya, Doli Koya, Gutta Koya, Kammara Koya, Musara Koya, Oddi Koya, Pattidi Koya, Rajah, Rasha Koya, Lingadhari Koya (ordinary), Kottu Koya, Bhine Koya, Rajkoya
• Kulia
• Manna Dhora
• Mukha Dhora, Nooka Dhora
• Nayaks (in the Agency tracts)
• Pardhan
• Porja, Parangiperja
• Reddi Dhoras
• Rona, Rena
• Savaras, Kapu Savaras, Maliya Savaras, Khutto Savaras
• Sugalis, Lambadis, Banjara
• Thoti (in various districts)
• Yenadis, Chella Yenadi, Kappala Yenadi, Manchi Yenadi, Reddi Yenadi
• Yerukulas, Koracha, Dabba Yerukula, Kunchapuri Yerukula, Uppu Yerukula
• Nakkala, Kurvikaran

State List of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups among Scheduled Tribes in Telangana

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) are 75 tribal groups identified based on specific criteria:

• Dependence on forest for livelihood
• Existence at a pre-agricultural level
• Stagnant or declining population trends
• Low literacy rates
• Economy based on subsistence

The current list includes PVTGs from both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana:

• Bodo Gadaba
• Bondo Poroja
• Chenchu
• Dongria Khond
• Gutob Gadaba
• Khond Poroja
• Kolam
• Kondareddis
• Konda Savara
• Kutia Khond
• Parengi Poroja
• Thoti

States List of Scheduled Areas

• Scheduled Areas refer to regions designated under specific governance provisions.
• These areas often have unique legal frameworks to protect the rights and interests of tribal communities.
• Examples of Scheduled Areas include:
  • Chhattisgarh
  • Jharkhand
  • Odisha
  • Andhra Pradesh
  • Telangana

The Fifth Schedule Overview

• The Fifth Schedule, outlined in Article 244(1), deals with the administration of Scheduled Areas outside of Northeast India.
• Designation and alteration of Scheduled Areas are at the discretion of the President, who can also revoke such status.
• State Governors must provide annual reports to the President on Scheduled Areas administration.
• Currently, parts of nine states in India fall under the Fifth Schedule, including Telangana.

Scheduled Areas in Telangana

• Telangana's Scheduled Areas are governed by the provisions of the Fifth Schedule, excluding those in Northeast India.
• The President holds the authority to designate or remove Scheduled Area status.
• State Governors are mandated to submit regular reports to the President concerning Scheduled Areas administration.
• Nine states in India, including Telangana, currently have areas designated under the Fifth Schedule.

Profile of Scheduled Tribes in Telangana

Numerically Dominant Tribal Groups

• Lambada: The Lambadas, also known as Banjaras, constitute a significant tribal group in Telangana with a population of 2,046,117 as per the 2011 census.
• Koya: Koyas primarily reside in the hilly regions of Khammam and Warangal districts, with a smaller presence in Adilabad and Karimnagar districts. Their population was recorded at 486,391 in the 2011 Census.
• Gond: Gonds are a prominent tribal community in Adilabad District, Telangana. The Naikpod tribe, although listed alongside Raj Gonds as Scheduled Tribes, is distinct in Adilabad. The total population of Gonds, including Naikpods, in Telangana was recorded as 297,846 in the 2011 census.
• Yerukala: The Yerukala tribe is widespread across Telangana, identifying themselves as 'Kurru'. Known as 'Yerukula' due to the traditional fortune-telling role of their women (Eruka chepputa), their population in the 2011 census stood at 144,128.
• Pradhan: The Pardhans reside in the tribal regions of Adilabad district, serving as traditional bards for the Gonds. They narrate mythologies, folk tales, and songs of deities during festivals and ceremonies, receiving compensation in cash or kind. The 2011 census reported their population as 24,776.

Primitive Tribal Groups Profile in Scheduled Tribes of Telangana

• Kolam: Kolams predominantly inhabit the tribal territories of Adilabad district, residing in distinct settlements within forests and mountainous regions. Speaking their unique dialect known as 'Kolami', their population in 2011 was documented as 44,805.
• Chenchus: Chenchus are another tribal group found in Telangana. They have a unique way of life and cultural practices that distinguish them within the region.
• Chenchus: The Chenchus are a food-gathering and hunting tribe in Telangana. They traditionally inhabit the foothills of Nallamalai, spanning across Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda Districts, and a few villages in Ranga Reddy District of Telangana. According to the 2011 census, their population is 16,912. They have been recognized as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PvTG) by the Government of India in 1975-76.
• Konda Reddi: The Konda Reddis reside along the banks on both sides of the Godavari River and in the hilly and forest areas of Khammam district. As of the 2011 Census, their population is 7,997. They were acknowledged as PvTGs by the Government of India in 1980.
• Thoti: The Thotis live in the districts of Adilabad, Karimnagar, and Nizamabad in Telangana. According to the 2001 census, their population stands at 4,811. They are classified as a Primitive Tribal Group and were recognized as PvTGs by the Government of India in 1983.

Tribal Sub Plan of Schedule Tribes of Telangana

• After the establishment of the new State of Telangana on June 2, 2014, the State Government has prioritized the development of the Scheduled Tribe (ST) population, which comprises 9.08 percent of the total population, a notable increase from the 6.99 percent in the combined State of Andhra Pradesh according to the 2011 census. Various innovative schemes have been devised by the relevant departments for the holistic development of tribal communities.
• To enhance the implementation of government welfare schemes, there is a proposal to transform Tribal Thandas into Gram Panchayats. Additionally, initiatives such as Kalyana Lakshmi and the Komaram Bheem memorial have been initiated.
• In accordance with the Scheduled Castes Sub Plan and Tribal Sub Plan Act of 2013, sufficient funds have been earmarked for the Scheduled Tribes Sub Plan in the annual plans for the fiscal years 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17, and 2017-18.
• Furthermore, the Telangana Legislative Assembly enacted the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes Special Development Fund (Planning, Allocation, Utilization of Financial Resources) Act in March 2017.
• The strategy for tribal development began in 1975 during the 5th five-year plan of the Government of India. The SCSP and TSP Act of 2013 (Act 1 of 2013) was passed by the 11th Session of the 13th Legislative Assembly, becoming effective on January 25, 2013. This legislation aims to achieve equitable development and focus on STs residing in Scheduled Areas.