Hardware | IGCSE Information and Communication Technology Preparation - Year 11 PDF Download

Hardware

  • Hardware encompasses the tangible elements within a computer system.
  • These elements may exist either inside or outside of the main body of the computer.

Internal Components

  • Central Processing Unit (CPU): Often referred to as the computer's "brain," the CPU performs calculations, processes instructions, and controls other components.
  • Processor: This chip inside the CPU carries out instructions from a program.
  • Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects all internal components together.

Question for Hardware
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What is the function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?
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Internal Memory

  • Random Access Memory (RAM) serves as a temporary repository for both programs and data while the computer is in operation. Its volatile nature entails that data stored within it is erased when the computer shuts down.
  • Read-Only Memory (ROM) acts as a permanent storage location for crucial data such as the computer's BIOS. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile, ensuring that data remains intact even when the computer is powered off.

Hardware Components

  • Graphics card: Handles the processing of images and videos to be displayed on a monitor.
  • Sound card: Manages the processing of audio for output through speakers or headphones.
  • Network Interface Card (NIC): Facilitates connectivity to a network, such as the internet.
  • Camera: Captures images or videos for input into the computer system.
  • Internal/external storage devices: Stores data permanently, including devices like hard drives or USB flash drives.
  • Input devices: Enable users to input data, examples being keyboards and mice.
  • Output devices: Display or produce results, such as monitors and printers.

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FAQs on Hardware - IGCSE Information and Communication Technology Preparation - Year 11

1. What are the main internal components of a computer system?
Ans. The main internal components of a computer system include the central processing unit (CPU), motherboard, random access memory (RAM), hard drive, power supply unit (PSU), and graphics processing unit (GPU).
2. What is internal memory in a computer and what role does it play?
Ans. Internal memory in a computer refers to the storage space where data and programs are stored temporarily while the computer is running. It includes RAM and cache memory, which play a crucial role in storing and accessing data quickly for processing by the CPU.
3. How does the CPU interact with the internal components of a computer system?
Ans. The CPU interacts with the internal components of a computer system by sending and receiving data through the motherboard, RAM, and other hardware components. It processes instructions, performs calculations, and coordinates the functions of the different components to execute tasks efficiently.
4. What is the significance of hardware components in a computer system?
Ans. Hardware components in a computer system are essential for its operation and functionality. They provide the necessary processing power, storage capacity, and connectivity to run software applications, store data, and perform tasks effectively.
5. How do hardware components in a computer system contribute to its overall performance?
Ans. Hardware components in a computer system contribute to its overall performance by determining the speed, efficiency, and capabilities of the system. The quality and specifications of components such as the CPU, RAM, and graphics card directly impact the system's processing power, multitasking capabilities, and graphics performance.
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