High & Low Level Languages | Computer for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11 PDF Download

Low-Level Languages

• Low Level Languages are languages that are in close proximity to a computer's instruction set, comprising basic instructions comprehensible to the CPU.
• For instance, an assembly language allows programmers to focus on creating simple commands, which are then translated into machine code. This language is crucial for the core hardware to interact effectively with the software.
• These languages are tailored for specific processors to ensure they integrate the correct machine architecture.
• Assembly Language involves writing code using mnemonics, which are abbreviated text commands like LDA (Load) and STO (Store). Programmers can develop human-readable programs that closely match machine code.
• Machine code operates at the hardware level, composed in binary language (comprising 1's and 0's).

Advantages of Low-Level Languages

• Low-level languages offer programmers full control over system components, enabling them to manage hardware directly.
• They enable the creation of efficient code for processors, resulting in reduced memory usage and faster execution.
• These languages allow for direct manipulation of hardware, enhancing efficiency.
• They facilitate direct communication with hardware components.

Disadvantages of Low-Level Languages

• Challenging to write and comprehend due to their intricate nature.
• They are machine-dependent and cannot be seamlessly transferred to machines with different specifications.
• More susceptible to errors compared to higher-level languages.
• Proficiency in computer architecture is essential for effective programming.

High-Level Languages

• High Level Languages are programming languages that utilize English-like statements, simplifying the programming process with user-friendly code. They facilitate clear debugging and enhance program maintenance.
• These languages gained prominence due to the advancement in processor speeds and increased memory capacity over time.
• Examples of high-level languages include Python, C#, and Java, among others.

Advantages of High-Level Languages

• They are easier to read and write, reducing the likelihood of programming errors.
• Debugging is simpler, leading to time savings during development.
• Code written in high-level languages is portable and can be utilized on various computer systems.
• Single lines of code can execute multiple commands, enhancing efficiency.

Disadvantages of High-Level Languages

• Users lack the ability to directly control hardware, limiting low-level access.
• High-level language code must be translated into machine code before execution, adding an extra step in the process.
• Programs written in high-level languages may be less efficient compared to those written in low-level languages, due to abstraction layers and overhead.