CBSE Sample Question Paper (2022-23) - 9 | Geography Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Time Allowed: 2 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

• All questions are compulsory.
• Question number 1 to 14 are Multiple choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
• Question number 15 to 16 are Multiple source based questions carrying 3 marks each.
• Question number 17 to 21 are Short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80-100 words.
• Question number 22 to 26 are Long-answer questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words.
• Question number 27 and 28 are related to identification or locating and labelling of geographical features on maps, carrying 5 marks each.

Q1. Which one of the following features can be termed as ‘physical feature’: [1]
(a) Port
(b) Plain
(c) Road
(d) Water Park
Ans: (c) Road

Q2. Which one of the following has the longest duration: [1]
(a) Eons
(b) Period
(c) Era
(d) Epoch
Ans: (a) Eons

Q3. Which one of the following is a direct source of information about the interior of the earth: [1]
(a) Earthquake waves
(b) Volcanoes
(c) Gravitational force
(d) Earth magnetism
Ans: (a) Earthquake waves

Q4. Who amongst the following was the first to consider the possibility of Europe, Africa and America having been located side by side: [1]
(a) Alfred Wegener
(b) Antonio Pellegrini
(c) Abraham Ortelius
(d) Edmond Hess
Ans: (c) Abraham Ortelius

Q5. Which one of the following are the two main constituents of granite: [1]
(a) Iron and nickel
(b) Iron and silver
(c) Silica and aluminium
(d) Iron Oxide and potassium
Ans: (c) Silica and aluminium

Q6. Mass movements are aided by: [1]
(a) gravity
(b) water
(c) air
(d) pressure
Ans: (a) gravity

Q7. The floodplains in a delta are called: [1]
(a) delta plains
(b) meanders
(c) ox-bow lakes
(d) levees
Ans:
(a) delta plains

Q8. A crescent-shaped shifting sand dune is known as: [1]
(a) barchan
(b) hollows
(c) inselberg
(d) seif
Ans: (a) barchan

Q9. The uppermost layer of the atmosphere above the ionosphere is known as the: [1]
(a) exosphere
(b) tropopause
(c) mesopause
(d) ionosphere
Ans: (a) exosphere

Q10. The temperature distribution is generally shown on the map with the help of: [1]
(a) heat budget
(b) isotherms
(c) mesotherms
(d) radiotherms
Ans: (b) isotherms

Q11. If the winds move from east to west, they are called: [1]
(a) easterlies
(b) westerlies
(c) El Nino
(d) hurricane
Ans: (a) easterlies

Q12. Arrange the Oxygen Cycle in the correct order:
(i) During the process of photosynthesis plants release oxygen back into the atmosphere as a by product. [1]
(ii) All aerobic organisms use free oxygen for respiration.
(iii) Animals exhale carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.
(iv) Which is again used by the plants during photosynthesis.
Options:
(a) i, ii, iii, iv
(b) iv, ii, iii, i
(c) iii, ii, i, iv
(d) ii, iv, i, iii
Ans: (a) i, ii, iii, iv

Q13. Which one of the following process is responsible for transforming liquid into vapour: [1]
(a) Condensation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Evaporation
(d) Precipitation
Ans: (c) Evaporation

Q14. Koeppen’s system of classification of climates can be termed as: [1]
(a) Applied
(b) Systematic
(c) Genetic
(d) Empirical
Ans: (d) Empirical

Q15. Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.
Tropical cyclones are intense low-pressure areas confined to the area lying between 30°N and 30°S latitudes, in the atmosphere around which high velocity winds blow. Horizontally, it extends up to 500-1,000 km and vertically from surface to 12-14 km. A tropical cyclone or hurricane is like a heat engine that is energised by the release of latent heat on account of the condensation of moisture that the wind gathers after moving over the oceans and seas. Tropical cyclones are characterised by large pressure gradients. The centre of the cyclone is mostly a warm and low-pressure, cloudless core known as eye of the storm. Generally, the isobars are closely placed to each other showing high-pressure gradients. Normally, it varies between 14- 17mb/100 km, but sometimes it can be as high as 60mb/100km. Expansion of the wind belt is about 10-150 km from the centre.

(i) Horizontally, the tropical cyclones extend upto: [1]
(a) 100-500 km
(b) 500-1000 km
(c) 1000-1500 km
(d) 1500-2000 km
Ans: (b) 500-1000 km

(ii) What is the centre of the cyclone known as? [1]
(a) Hand of the storm
(b) Leg of the storm
(c) Eye of the storm
(d) Vein of the storm
Ans: (a) Hand of the storm

(iii) Tropical cyclones are characterised by large: [1]
(a) pressure gradients
(b) heat gradients
(c) water gradients
(d) moisture gradients
Ans: (a) pressure gradients

Q16. Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.
The months of October and November are known for retreating monsoons. By the end of September, the southwest monsoon becomes weak as the low-pressure trough of the Ganga plain starts moving southward in response to the southward march of the sun. The monsoon retreats from the western Rajasthan by the first week of September. It withdraws from Rajasthan, Gujarat, Western Ganga plain and the Central Highlands by the end of the month. By the beginning of October, the low pressure covers northern parts of the Bay of Bengal and by early November, it moves over Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
By the middle of December, the centre of low pressure is completely removed from the Peninsula. The retreating southwest monsoon season is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature. The land is still moist. Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the ‘October heap. In the second half of October, the mercury begins to fall rapidly, particularly in northern India. The weather in the retreating monsoon is dry in north India but it is associated with rain in the eastern part of the Peninsula.
Here, October and November are the rainiest months of the year. The widespread rain in this season is associated with the passage ofcyclonic depressions which originate over the Andaman Sea and manage to cross the eastern coast of the southern Peninsula. These tropical cyclones are very destructive. The thickly populated deltas of the Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri are their preferred targets. Every year cyclones bring disaster here. A few cyclonic storms also strike the coast of West Bengal, Bangladesh and Myanmar. A bulk of the rainfall of the Coromandel coast is derived from these depressions and cyclones. Such cyclonic storms are less frequent in the Arabian Sea.

(i) The months of October and November are known for_________monsoons. [1]
(a) southwest
(b) retreating
(c) cyclonic
(d) northwest
Ans: (b) retreating

(ii) When do the Southwest monsoon start becoming weak? [1]
(a) End of September
(b) Starting of September
(c) End of October
(d) Starting of October
Ans: (a) End of September

(iii) The weather in the retreating monsoon is_______in north India. [1]
(a) dry
(b) moist
(c) cold
(d) hot
Ans: (a) dry

Q17. On the basis of the depth as well as the forms of the relief, the ocean floor has been segmented into how many divisions? Explain. [3]
Ans: On the basis of the depth as well as the forms of the relief, the ocean floor has been segmented into:
(i) Continental margins:
(a) They form a transitional zone between the continental shore and deep sea basins.
(b) They include continental slope, shelf, continental rise, and deep oceanic trenches.
(ii) Abyssal plains:
(a) They are extensive plains.
(b) They are found between continental margin and mid-oceanic ridge.
(c) Continental sediments get deposited.
(iii) Mid-oceanic ridges:
(a) This ridge has the distribution of volcanoes and Earthquakes.
(b) All the volcanoes and Earthquakes run parallel to the coast.
(c) The mid-oceanic ridges coincide with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Alpine System.

Q18. Explain the Process of Evaporation. [3]
Ans: Evaporation is a process by which water is transformed from liquid to gaseous state. Heat is the main cause for evaporation. The temperature at which the water starts evaporating is referred to as the latent heat of vapourisation. Increase in temperature increases water absorption and retention capacity of the given parcel of air. Similarly, if the moisture content is low, air has a potentiality of absorbing and retaining moisture. Movement of air replaces the saturated layer with the unsaturated layer. Hence, the greater the movement of air, the greater is the evaporation.

Q19. How do ocean currents affect the climate? Explain. [3]
Ans: Ocean currents affect the climate:
(1) Warm currents make the place warmer whereas the cold currents make the place colder. Example, warm currents of Kuroshio makes Southern Japan less cold in winter, whereas the cold currents of Oyashio or the Kurile current makes the winter long and severe in North Japan.
(2) Winds passing over warm currents absorb a lot of moisture and cause heavy rainfall in coastal areas. On the other hand, winds passing over long currents do not get any warm currents as such; they make the climate of coastal areas dry. This is the reason why hot deserts are located near the coastal areas from where the cold current passes.
(3) The places where cold current and warm current near the coastal areas are found in abundance are rich fishing ground. For example, Newfoundland, the East coast of North America where Labrador Current and Gulf Stream meet.

Q20. What are the features of black soil? [3]
Ans: Features of black soil:
(1) These soils are also known as the ‘Regur Soil’ or the ‘Black Cotton Soil’. The black soils are generally clayey, deep and impermeable.
(2) They swell and become sticky when wet and they shrink when dried. Therefore, during the dry season, these soils develop wide cracks. Thus, there occurs a kind of ‘self-ploughing’.
(3) Because of this character of slow absorption and loss of moisture, the black soil retains the moisture for a very long time, which helps the crops, especially; the rainfed ones, to sustain even during the dry season.

Q21. What do you know about the drought prone areas in India? [3]
Ans: On the basis of the severity of droughts, India can be divided into the following regions:
(1) Extreme Drought Affected Areas: It is evident that most parts of Rajasthan, particularly areas to the West of the Aravali hills, i.e., Marusthali and Kachchh regions of Gujarat fall in this category. Included here are also the districts like Jaisalmer and Barmer from the Indian desert that receive less than 90 mm average annual rainfall.
(2) Severe Drought Prone Area : Parts of eastern Rajasthan, most parts of Madhya Pradesh, Eastern parts of Maharashtra, interior parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka Plateau, Northern parts of interior TamilNadu and Southern parts of Jharkhand and interior Odisha are included in this category.
(3) Moderate Drought Affected Area : Northern parts of Rajasthan, Haryana, Southern districts of Uttar Pradesh, the remaining parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra except Konkan, Jharkhand and Coimbatore plateau of Tamil Nadu and interior Karnataka are included in this category. The remaining parts of India can be considered either free or less prone to the drought.

Q22. What is the role played by biodiversity in the shaping of nature? [5]
Ans: (1) Biodiversity has contributed in many ways to the development of human culture and in turn, human communities have played a major role in shaping the diversity of nature at the genetic, species and ecological levels.
(2) Species capture and store energy and produce and decompose organic materials. They help to cycle water, gases and minerals. They fix atmospheric gases and help regulate the climate. These functions are important for eco-system.
(3) The more diverse an ecosystem is, the better are the chances for the species to survive through adversities and attacks, and consequently, it is more productive.
(4) Hence, the loss of species would decrease the ability of the system to maintain itself. Just like species with a high genetic diversity, an ecosystem with high biodiversity may have a greater chance of adapting to environmental change.
(5) In other words, the more the variety of species in an ecosystem, the more stable the ecosystem is likely to be.

Q23. Name the important drainage patterns. [5]
Ans: The important drainage patterns are:

• Dendritic: The drainage pattern resembling the branches of a tree is known as “dendritic”, the examples of which are the rivers of Northern plain like Ganga, Yamuna, etc.
• Radial: When the rivers originate from a hill and flow in all directions, the drainage pattern is known as ‘radial’. The rivers originating from the Amarkantak range and the Central Highlands present a good example of it.
• Trellis: When the primary tributaries of rivers flow parallel to each other and secondary tributaries join them at right angles, the pattern is known as ‘trellis’. Peninsular rivers such as Godavari, Krishna, etc. are good examples of it.
• Centripetal: When the rivers discharge their waters from all directions in a lake or depression, the pattern is known as ‘centripetal’. These rivers form cascades/rapids and waterfalls.
  

Q24. What are the characteristics of monsoonal rainfall? [5]
Ans: Characteristics of monsoonal rainfall are:
(1) Rainfall received from the South-West monsoons is seasonal in character, which occurs between June and September.
(2) Monsoonal rainfall is largely governed by relief or topography. For instance, the windward side of the Western Ghats registers a rainfall of over 250 cm. Again, the heavy rainfall in the Northeastern states can be attributed to their hill ranges and the Eastern Himalayas.
(3) The monsoon rainfall has a declining trend with increasing distance from the sea. Kolkata receives 119 cm during the South-West monsoon period, Patna 105 cm, Allahabad 76 cm and Delhi 56 cm.
(4) The monsoon rains occur in wet spells of few days duration at a time. The wet spells are interspersed with rainless interval known as ‘breaks’. These breaks in rainfall are related to the cyclonic depressions mainly formed at the head of the Bay of Bengal, and their crossing into the mainland. Besides the frequency and intensity of these depressions, the passage followed by them determines the spatial distribution of rainfall.
(5) The summer rainfall comes in a heavy downpour leading to considerable runoff and soil erosion. Monsoons play a pivotal role in the agrarian economy of India because over three-fourths of the total rain in the country is received during the South-West monsoon season.
(6) Its spatial distribution is also uneven which ranges from 12 cm to more than 250 cm. The beginning of the rains sometimes is considerably delayed over the whole or a part of the country.
(7) The rains sometimes end considerably earlier than usual, causing great damage to standing crops and making the sowing of winter crops difficult.

Q25. How many distinct seasons are found in India as per the Indian Meteorological Department? Discuss the weather conditions associated with anyone season in detail. [5]
Ans: The distinct seasons found in India as per the Indian Meteorological Department are:
(1) The cold weather season: Usually, the cold weather season sets in by mid-November in Northern India. December and January are the coldest months in the Northern plain. The mean daily temperature remains below 21°C over most parts of Northern India. The night temperature may be quite low, sometimes going below freezing point in Punjab and Rajasthan. The snowfall in the nearby Himalayan ranges creates a cold wave situation. There is hardly any seasonal change in the distribution pattern of the temperature in coastal areas because of the moderating influence of the sea and the proximity to the equator.
(2) The hot weather season: With the apparent Northward movement of the Sun towards the Tropic of Cancer in March, temperatures start rising in North India. April, May and June are the months of summer in North India. In most parts of India, temperatures recorded are between 30° and 32°C. In March, the highest day temperature of about 38°C occurs in the Deccan Plateau while in April, temperature ranging between 38°C and 43°C is found in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. The hot weather season in South India is mild and not as intense as found in North India.
(3) The Southwest Monsoon season: The rain in the South-West monsoon season begins rather abruptly. One result of the first rain is that it brings down the temperature substantially. This sudden onset of the moisture laden winds associated with violent thunder and lightning is often termed as the “break” or “burst” of the monsoons. The monsoon may burst in the first week of June in the coastal areas of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra, while in the interior parts of the country, it may be delayed to the first week of July.
(4) Season of Retreating Monsoon: The monsoon retreats from the Western Rajasthan by the first week of September. It withdraws from Rajasthan, Gujarat, Western Ganga plain and the Central Highlands by the end of the month. The retreating South-West monsoon season is marked by clear skies and a rise in temperature. The land is still moist. Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the ‘October heat’.

Q26. How can People’s participation be effective in Conserving Forests and Wildlife? [5]
Ans: People’s participation can be very effective in conserving forests and wildlife. It is the common people who harm and destroy the forests as well as the wildlife. They cut trees for shifting cultivation. They kill animals for entertainment. Therefore in 1972, Government of India passes the Wildlife Protection Act, whereby it is illegal to do hunting.
Since then the hunting and poaching cases have reduced to a great extent. The two main objectives of the Act are; to provide protection to the endangered species listed in the schedule of the Act and to provide legal support to the conservation areas of the country classified as National parks, sanctuaries and closed areas.This Act has been comprehensively amended in 1991, making punishments more stringent and
has also made provisions for the protection of specified plant species and conservation of endangered species of wild animals. There are about 103 national parks and 535 wildlife sanctuaries covering an area of 15.67 million hectares in the country. These actions are taken by the government but their implementation and maintenance depend on the participation and cooperation of the people.

Q27. In the given outline map of the world there are five items marked as A, B, C, D and E. Identify the features with the help of information given below and write their correct names on the map: [5]
A. An area of extensive commercial grain farming
B. A terminal station of Trans-Austratian Railways
C. A major seaport
D. A major international airport
E. A megacity

Ans:

Q28. Locate and label the following on the political outline map of India: [5]
A. State with highest level of urbanisation
B. State with lowest level of HD1
C. Leading sugarcane producing state
D. A Software Technology Park
E. An international airport

Ans: