Multiplication sentences using the × symbol | Year 3 Mathematics PDF Download

Understanding Repeated Addition and Multiplication

Solved Examples

Example 1: Take a look at these doughnuts, when you see this image what do you see?
Two groups of 5 doughnuts.

We can see two calculations here.
An addition and a multiplication which means two groups of 5 is equal to 10.
5 + 5 = 10
and
2 x 5 = 10

Objects can be rearranged to create both multiplication and repeated addition number sentences, offering various ways to represent and solve the same calculation.
Now the doughnuts have been arranged in a different way.
What calculations do you see here?

5 rows of 2 doughnuts
The two calculations here are a repeated addition of
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10
and a multiplication of
5 x 2 = 10
This means 5 groups of 2.

Example 2: Here are 14 flowers. Let's explore how we can organize them to understand multiplication and repeated addition sentences.

• These 14 flowers are arranged as 4 + 4 + 4 + 2. Is this setup illustrating a multiplication calculation?
  
• This arrangement doesn't fit a multiplication calculation because it's not repeated addition with identical numbers. How could we rearrange the flowers to demonstrate repeated addition?
  
• Do you now see both the multiplication calculation and the repeated addition after rearranging the flowers?
  
• 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 equals 14, or 7 x 2 equals 14. There are multiple ways to represent a multiplication calculation.
  
• Now the flowers are arranged into 2 rows of 7. The calculations are 7 + 7 equals 14, or 2 x 7 equals 14.