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Mental method for multiplication

One method involves breaking down numbers mentally. For instance:
Example: Consider the calculation: What is 6 x 40?
Ans: 6 x 40 equals 6 x 4 x 10
Firstly, calculate 6 x 4, which equals 24
Next, multiply 24 by 10. When you multiply by 10, all digits shift one place to the left, adding a zero to represent the increased value:
24 x 10 = 240

Written Methods for Multiplication

  • In mathematics, when multiplying a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number, using a written method known as short multiplication can often simplify the process.
  • This method, also called short multiplication, aids in organizing the multiplication steps effectively.

Solved Examples

Example 1: Beverley ordered 8 packets of balloons. Each packet contained 52 balloons. How many balloons has she got in total?
Multiply a 2-digit by a 1-digit number | Year 3 MathematicsSol: The equation we are working out is:
52 x 8
First, set the multiplication out correctly:
Multiply a 2-digit by a 1-digit number | Year 3 Mathematics

Step 1: Now the multiplication is set out correctly, you can solve the multiplication in the ones column.
2 x 8 = 16
Multiply a 2-digit by a 1-digit number | Year 3 MathematicsRemember to carry the 1 into the tens column.
Step 2: Now it's time to work out 50 x 8
50 x 8 = 400
Don’t forget about the ten you carried over: 400 + 10 = 410.
52 x 8 = 416
Beverley now has 416 balloons.
Multiply a 2-digit by a 1-digit number | Year 3 Mathematics

Example 2: What is 48 x 6?
Sol: When you set out short multiplication, it is important to make sure the place value of the digits are in the correct place.
Put the 4 in the tens column and the 8 in the ones column.
Like this:
Multiply a 2-digit by a 1-digit number | Year 3 Mathematics

Step 1: Just like when you solve column addition and subtraction, you start with the digits in the ones.
8 x 6 = 48
Since 48 is 4 tens and 8 ones, you have to remember to keep the place values in the correct column. The 8 stays in the ones column, while you carry the 4 into the tens column.
Multiply a 2-digit by a 1-digit number | Year 3 Mathematics

Step 2: Time to work out 40 x 6 now.
40 x 6 = 240
But you can’t forget about the 4 tens that you carried over - you need to remember to add that on to the answer.
240 + 40 = 280
Again, make sure everything is in the correct place value column.
48 x 6 = 288
Multiply a 2-digit by a 1-digit number | Year 3 Mathematics

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FAQs on Multiply a 2-digit by a 1-digit number - Year 3 Mathematics

1. What is the process for dividing up to 4 digits by 1 digit?
Ans. To divide a number up to 4 digits by a 1-digit number, you would follow the traditional long division method. Start by dividing the leftmost digits, carry down the next digit, and continue the process until you reach the end of the number.
2. How can you multiply a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number?
Ans. To multiply a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number, you would use the traditional multiplication method. Multiply the 1-digit number by each digit of the 2-digit number separately, then add the results together to get the final answer.
3. Why is it important to understand dividing and multiplying with multiple digits in mathematics?
Ans. Understanding dividing and multiplying with multiple digits is important in mathematics as it helps in solving more complex problems, improves problem-solving skills, and lays the foundation for higher-level math concepts.
4. What are some common challenges students face when learning to divide and multiply with multiple digits?
Ans. Some common challenges students face when learning to divide and multiply with multiple digits include understanding the concept of place value, remembering the steps of long division and multiplication, and making errors in carrying over digits.
5. How can students improve their skills in dividing up to 4 digits by 1 digit and multiplying a 2-digit by a 1-digit number?
Ans. Students can improve their skills in dividing and multiplying with multiple digits by practicing regularly, seeking help from teachers or tutors when needed, and using online resources and worksheets to reinforce their understanding of the concepts.
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