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Understanding the States of Matter

Solids, liquids, and gases are the three primary states of matter that substances can exist in. 

Solids, liquids and gases | Year 4 Science

Let's delve deeper into each state:

Solids

  • Solids maintain their shape and volume, staying in one place and can be held.
  • Unlike liquids, they do not flow and always occupy the same amount of space.
  • They do not disperse like gases and can be cut or molded into different shapes.
  • For instance, common substances like sugar, salt, and flour are all examples of solids. Each grain of salt, for example, retains its individual shape and volume, even if it is poured.
  • Remember, solids are characterized by their fixed shape and volume, making them distinct from liquids and gases.

Liquids

  • Liquids are substances that can flow or be poured easily, making them challenging to hold.
  • They adapt their shape based on the container they occupy.
  • Even though liquids change shape, they always maintain the same volume, filling the space they are in.

Gases

  • Gases are often invisible and lack a fixed shape.
  • They expand to fill any container they are in, adjusting their shape and volume accordingly.
  • Gases can be compressed or squashed under pressure.

Question for Solids, liquids and gases
Try yourself:
Which state of matter maintains a fixed shape and volume?
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FAQs on Solids, liquids and gases - Year 4 Science

1. What are the properties of solids, liquids, and gases?
Ans. Solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container, and gases have neither a definite shape nor volume.
2. How do particles behave in solids, liquids, and gases?
Ans. In solids, particles are closely packed and vibrate in place. In liquids, particles are still close together but can move around each other. In gases, particles are far apart and move freely.
3. Can a substance change from one state to another?
Ans. Yes, a substance can change from one state to another through processes like melting (solid to liquid), freezing (liquid to solid), evaporation (liquid to gas), and condensation (gas to liquid).
4. How does temperature affect the state of matter?
Ans. Increasing the temperature generally causes a substance to change from a solid to a liquid, and then to a gas. Decreasing the temperature has the opposite effect.
5. What are some examples of each state of matter?
Ans. Examples of solids include ice and wood, liquids include water and milk, and gases include oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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