Temple Styles or Architecture in Himachal Pradesh | HPPSC HPAS Preparation - HPPSC HPAS (Himachal Pardesh) PDF Download

Temple Styles in Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh is home to a rich and diverse tradition of temple architecture, which showcases various historical eras and spiritual beliefs. The distinct temple styles found in this region reflect both the continuity of ancient traditions and the influence of new cultural elements over time.
There are four key styles of temple architecture in Himachal Pradesh, based on the design of the roofs:

1. The 'Pent' Roof Style
2. Pyramidal Style
3. Pagoda Style
4. A Fusion of 'Pent' and Pagoda Roof Styles (Satluj Valley Style)

1. The 'Pent' Roof Style

This is considered the most ancient form of temple architecture in Himachal Pradesh. Temples built in this style feature a simple sloping roof with a verandah around the main shrine.
Some notable examples of the ‘Pent’ roof style are:

• Shakti Devi Temple: Chhitrari (Chamba)
• Lakshna Devi Temple: Bharmaur (Chamba)
• Kali Devi or Mrikula Devi Temple: Lahaul-Spiti

These temples are often dedicated to local deities and are characterized by their ancient, rustic charm.

2. Pyramidal Style

The Pyramidal style of temple architecture is primarily found in the Jubbal Valley region of Himachal Pradesh. These temples have a distinct pyramid-shaped roof structure.
Some well-known examples of this style include:

• Hateshwari Devi Temple: Hatkoti (Shimla)
• Shiva Temple: Hatkoti (Shimla)
• Mahasu Temple: Deora, Jubbal (Shimla)
• Shiva Temple: Deora, Jubbal (Shimla)

These temples are marked by their towering spires and intricate wood carvings, often serving as important religious and cultural centers.

3. Pagoda Style

The Pagoda style, believed to have originated from Kathmandu, Nepal, is prevalent in several regions of Himachal Pradesh, including Mandi, Kullu, Shimla Hills, and Kinnaur. This style features tiered roofs that taper towards the top.
Prominent examples of Pagoda-style temples are:

• Prashar Temple: Mandi
• Sukdev Rishi Temple: Mandi
• Hidimba Devi Temple: Manali (Kullu)
• Tripura Sundari Temple: Khokhan Valley (Kullu)
• Manu Temple: Shanshar (Kullu)
• Adi Brahma Temple: Khokhan (Kullu)
• Maheshwara Temple: Sungra (Kinnaur)
• Chagoan Temple: Kinnaur

These temples are renowned for their distinctive multi-tiered roofs and their religious significance in the Himalayan region.

4. Fusion of 'Pent' Roof and Pagoda Style (Satluj Valley Style)

A unique architectural style found in the upper Satluj Valley combines elements of both the 'Pent' roof and Pagoda styles. This fusion results in temples that feature a blend of sloping and tiered roofs.
Examples of this style include:

• Dhaneshwari Devi Temple: Nethar, Outer Seraj
• Bahna Mahadev Temple: Nethar, Outer Seraj

These temples represent a harmonious integration of different architectural influences and are commonly found in the upper regions of the Satluj Valley.

Conclusion

Himachal Pradesh’s temple architecture reflects a rich cultural tapestry, blending ancient traditions with influences from neighboring regions. Each temple style, from the ‘Pent’ roof to the fusion styles of the Satluj Valley, offers a glimpse into the region’s spiritual heritage and architectural evolution.